Bánh mì: Difference between revisions

Bánh mì
Alternative names	Vietnamese roll or sandwich, Saigon roll or sandwich
Type	Sandwich
Place of origin	South Vietnam
Invented	1950s
Main ingredients	Vietnamese baguette (also called bánh mì)
Variations	See below
Similar dishes	num pang, khao jee pâté
	Cookbook: Bánh mì; Media: Bánh mì;

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In Vietnamese cuisine, bánh mì or banh mi (/ˈbɑːn miː/,^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] /ˈbæn/;^[7]^[6] Vietnamese: [ɓǎjŋ̟ mì], 'bread') is a short baguette with thin, crisp crust and a soft, airy texture. It is often split lengthwise and filled with meat and savory ingredients like a submarine sandwich and served as a meal, called bánh mì thịt. Plain bánh mì is also eaten as a staple food.

A typical Vietnamese roll or sandwich is a fusion of meats and vegetables from native Vietnamese cuisine such as chả lụa (Vietnamese sausage), coriander (cilantro), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled daikon combined with condiments from French cuisine such as pâté, along with red chili and mayonnaise.^[8] However, a variety of popular fillings are used, from xá xíu (Chinese barbecued pork) to even ice cream. In Vietnam, bread rolls and sandwiches are typically eaten for breakfast or as a snack.

The baguette was introduced to Vietnam by the French in the mid-19th century, during the Nguyễn dynasty, and became a staple food by the early 20th century. In the 1950s, a distinctly Vietnamese style of sandwich developed in Saigon, becoming a popular street food, also known as bánh mì Sài Gòn ('Saigon sandwich' or 'Saigon-style bánh mì').^[9]^[10] Following the Vietnam War, overseas Vietnamese popularized the bánh mì sandwich in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. In these countries, they are commonly sold in Asian bakeries.

Terminology[edit]

In Vietnamese, the word bánh mì is derived from bánh (which can refer to many kinds of food, primarily baked goods, including bread) and mì ("wheat"). It may also be spelled bánh mỳ in northern Vietnam. Taken alone, bánh mì means any kind of bread, but it could refer to the Vietnamese baguette or the sandwich made from it. To distinguish the unfilled bread from the sandwich with fillings, the term bánh mì không ("plain bread") can be used. To distinguish Vietnamese-style bread from other kinds of bread, the term bánh mì Sài Gòn ("Saigon-style bread") or bánh mì Việt Nam ("Vietnam-style bread") can be used.

A folk etymology claims that the word bánh mì is a corruption of the French pain de mie, meaning soft, white bread.^[11] However, bánh (or its Nôm form, 餅) has referred to rice cakes and other pastries since as early as the 13th century, long before French contact.^[12]

History[edit]

The word bánh mì, meaning "bread", is attested in Vietnamese as early as the 1830s, in Jean-Louis Taberd's dictionary Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum.^[13] The French introduced Vietnam to the baguette, along with other baked goods such as pâté chaud, in the 1860s, at the start of their imperialism in Vietnam.^[14]^[15] Northern Vietnamese initially called the baguette bánh tây, literally "Western bánh", while Southern Vietnamese called it bánh mì, "wheat bánh".^[16]^[17] Nguyễn Đình Chiểu mentions the baguette in his 1861 poem "Văn tế nghĩa sĩ Cần Giuộc". Due to the price of imported wheat at the time, French baguettes and sandwiches were considered a luxury. During World War I, an influx of French soldiers and supplies arrived. At the same time, disruptions of wheat imports led bakers to begin mixing in inexpensive rice flour (which also made the bread fluffier). As a result, it became possible for ordinary Vietnamese to enjoy French staples such as bread.^[18]^[19]^[17] Many shops baked twice a day, because bread tends to go stale quickly in the hot, humid climate of Vietnam. Baguettes were mainly eaten for breakfast with some butter and sugar.^[15]

Until the 1950s, sandwiches hewed closely to French tastes, typically a jambon-beurre moistened with a mayonnaise or liver pâté spread.^[18]^[19]^[15]^[2] The 1954 Partition of Vietnam sent over a million migrants from North Vietnam to South Vietnam, transforming Saigon's local cuisine.^[16] Among the migrants were Lê Minh Ngọc and Nguyễn Thị Tịnh, who opened a small bakery named Hòa Mã in District 3. In 1958, Hòa Mã became one of the first shops to sell bánh mì thịt.^[18]^[20]^[21] Around this time, another migrant from the North began selling chả sandwiches from a basket on a mobylette,^[22] and a stand in Gia Định Province (present-day Phú Nhuận District) began selling phá lấu sandwiches.^[23] Some shops stuffed sandwiches with inexpensive Cheddar cheese, which came from French food aid that migrants from the North had rejected.^[15] Vietnamese communities in France also began selling bánh mì.^[17]

After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, bánh mì sandwiches became a luxury item once again.^[16] During the so-called "subsidy period", state-owned phở eateries often served bread or cold rice as a side dish, leading to the present-day practice of dipping quẩy in phở.^[24] In the 1980s, Đổi Mới market reforms led to a renaissance in bánh mì, mostly as street food.^[16]

Meanwhile, Vietnamese Americans brought bánh mì sandwiches to cities across the United States. In Northern California, Lê Văn Bá and his sons are credited with popularizing bánh mì among Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese Americans alike through their food truck services provider and their fast-food chain, Lee's Sandwiches, beginning in the 1980s.^[17] Sometimes bánh mì was likened to local sandwiches. In New Orleans, a "Vietnamese po' boy" recipe won the 2009 award for the best po' boy at the annual Oak Street Po-Boy Festival.^[25] A restaurant in Philadelphia also sells a similar sandwich, marketed as a "Vietnamese hoagie".^[26]

Since the 1970s, Vietnamese refugees from the Vietnam War arrived in London and were hosted at community centers ^[27] in areas of London such as De Beauvoir Town eventually founding a string of successful Vietnamese-style canteens in Shoreditch where bánh mì alongside phở, was popularised from the 1990s.

Bánh mì sandwiches were featured in the 2002 PBS documentary Sandwiches That You Will Like. The word bánh mì was added to the Oxford English Dictionary on 24 March 2011.^[28]^[29] As of 2017, bánh mì is included in about 2% of U.S. restaurant sandwich menus, a nearly fivefold increase from 2013.^[30] On 24 March 2020, Google celebrated bánh mì with a Google Doodle.^[31]

Ingredients[edit]

Bread[edit]

A Vietnamese baguette has a thin crust and white, airy crumb. It may consist of both wheat flour and rice flour.^[18]

Besides being made into a sandwich, it is eaten alongside meat dishes, such as bò kho (a beef stew), curry, and phá lấu. It can also be dipped in condensed milk (see Sữa Ông Thọ).

Fillings[edit]

A bánh mì sandwich typically consists of one or more meats, accompanying vegetables, and condiments.

Accompanying vegetables typically include fresh cucumber slices, cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant) and pickled carrots and white radishes in shredded form (đồ chua). Common condiments include spicy chili sauce, sliced chilis, Maggi seasoning sauce, and mayonnaise.^[14]^[17]

Varieties[edit]

Many fillings are used. A typical bánh mì shop in the United States offers at least 10 varieties.^[32]

The most popular variety is bánh mì thịt, thịt meaning "meat". Bánh mì thịt nguội (also known as bánh mì pâté chả thịt, bánh mì đặc biệt, or "special combo") is made with various Vietnamese cold cuts, such as sliced pork or pork belly, chả lụa (Vietnamese sausage), and head cheese, along with the liver pâté and vegetables like carrot or cucumbers.^[33]^[16]^[10]^[34]

Other varieties include:

Bánh mì bì (shredded pork sandwich) – shredded pork or pork skin, doused with fish sauce
Bánh mì chà bông (pork floss sandwich)
Bánh mì xíu mại (minced pork meatball sandwich) – smashed pork meatballs
bánh mì thịt nguội (ham sandwich)
Bánh mì cá mòi (sardine sandwich)
Bánh mì pa-tê (pâté sandwich)
Bánh mì xá xíu or bánh mì thịt nướng (barbecue pork sandwich)
Bánh mì chả lụa or bánh mì giò lụa (Vietnamese sausage sandwich)
Bánh mì gà nướng (grilled chicken sandwich)
Bánh mì chay (vegetarian sandwich) – made with tofu or seitan; in Vietnam, usually made at Buddhist temples during special religious events, but uncommon on the streets
Bánh mì chả cá (fish patty sandwich)
Bánh mì bơ (margarine or buttered sandwich) – margarine / butter and sugar
Bánh mì trứng ốp-la (fried egg sandwich) – contains fried eggs with onions, sprinkled with soy sauce, sometimes buttered; served for breakfast in Vietnam
Bánh mì kẹp kem (ice cream sandwich) – contains scoops of ice cream topped with crushed peanuts^[35]

Bánh mì chả lụa (pork sausage sandwich)
Bánh mì đặc biệt ("special combo" sandwich)
Bánh mì bì (shredded pork sandwich) at Eden Center
Bánh mì xíu mại (minced pork meatball sandwich)
Bánh mì thịt nướng (barbecue pork sandwich)
with Chicken Schnitzel
Bánh mì than tre (Bamboo charcoal bánh mì)
The bánh mì is made round like a hamburger

Nowadays, different types of bánh mì are popular. For example, bánh mì que is thinner and longer and can be filled with various ingredients just as normal bánh mì.

Khao jee pâté in Laos, with spice paste called Jeow bong

Notable vendors[edit]

Prior to the Fall of Saigon in 1975, well-known South Vietnamese bánh mì vendors included Bánh mì Ba Lẹ and Bánh mì Như Lan (which opened in 1968^[18]).

In regions of the United States with significant populations of Vietnamese Americans, numerous bakeries and fast food restaurants specialize in bánh mì. Lee's Sandwiches, a fast food chain with locations in several states, specializes in Vietnamese sandwiches served on French baguettes (or traditional bánh mì at some locations) as well as Western-style sandwiches served on croissants. In New Orleans, Dong Phuong Oriental Bakery is known for the bánh mì bread that it distributes to restaurants throughout the city. After 1975, Ba Lẹ owner Võ Văn Lẹ fled to the United States and, along with Lâm Quốc Thanh, founded Bánh mì Ba Lê.^[36] The Eden Center shopping center in Northern Virginia has several well-known bakeries specializing in bánh mì.^[14]

Mainstream fast food chains have also incorporated bánh mì and other Vietnamese dishes into their portfolios. Yum! Brands operates a chain of bánh mì cafés called Bánh Shop.^[17] The former Chipotle-owned ShopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen chain briefly sold bánh mì. Jack in the Box offers a "bánh mì–inspired" fried chicken sandwich as part of its Food Truck Series.^[37] McDonald's and Paris Baguette locations in Vietnam offer bánh mì.^[38]^[39]

References[edit]

^ "The best Vietnamese Sandwich to Fall in Love With". Authenticfoodquest.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b Moskin, Julia (7 April 2009). "Building on Layers of Tradition". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
^ "banh mi". OxfordDictionaries.com (British & World English). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ "banh mi". OxfordDictionaries.com (North American English). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ "banh mi". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Banh Mi". Merriam-Webster. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ "banh mi". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
^ Young, Daniel (25 September 1996). "East Meets West in 'Nam Sandwich". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020.
^ Saigon-Style Banh Mi Archived 29 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times
^ ^a ^b "Bánh mì Sài Gòn ở Mỹ". baomoi.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^ Lorenzo, Sandra (21 April 2013). "Banh Mi : le sandwich vietnamien qui va pimenter votre pause déjeuner". HuffPost (in French). Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ Trần Nhân Tông (c. 1300) [13th century]. 居塵樂道賦第九會 Cư trần lạc đạo phú, đệ cửu hội (in Vietnamese) – via Wikisource.
^ Jean-Louis Taberd (1838). "Panis". Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum. Dictionarium anamitico-latinum (in Latin). p. 453. hdl:2027/uc1.b000742998. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2018 – via HathiTrust.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nicholls, Walter (6 February 2008). "The Banh Mi of My Dreams". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vũ Hồng Liên (2016). Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 147–150. ISBN 9781780237046. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Eckhardt, Robyn (30 July 2010). "Saigon's Banh Mi". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lam, Andrew (2015). "The Marvel of Bánh Mì" (PDF). The Cairo Review of Global Affairs (18). American University in Cairo: 64–71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hương Giang (10 September 2016). "Bánh mì Việt Nam và hành trình chinh phục cả thế giới". Người Lao động (in Vietnamese). No. 212. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Lê Văn Nghĩa (11 June 2017). "Chuyện xưa – chuyện nay: Bánh mì Sài Gòn trong thơ" [Then and now: Saigon sandwiches in poetry]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ Phong Vinh (21 November 2015). "Bánh mì Hòa Mã 50 năm ở Sài Gòn" [Hòa Mã bakery at 50 years in Saigon]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). FPT Group. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "5 quán ăn lâu đời nhất Sài Gòn" [The 5 oldest eateries in Saigon]. Barcode (in Vietnamese). Indochine Media Ventures Vietnam. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ P.V. (5 June 2013). "Vào hẻm tìm ăn bánh mì cụ Lý" [Searching the alleys for grandpa Lý's sandwiches]. Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). Vietnam United Youth League. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Xe bánh mì phá lấu 60 năm tại góc phố Sài Gòn". Ngôi sao (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ Trịnh Quang Dũng (22 January 2010). "Phở theo thời cuộc" [Pho in the present day]. Báo Khoa Học Phổ Thông (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology Associations. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
^ "The Vietnamese Po-Boy". WWNO. 15 July 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ "Vietnamese Hoagies Now on the Menu". Archived from the original on 1 October 2015.
^ "An Viet House in de Beauvoir could become Asian community's answer to Jamie Oliver's training restaurant Fifteen". 27 February 2018.
^ "Oxford English Dictionary Archived 3 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2011.03.24
^ Andy Bloxham. "Heart symbol enters Oxford English Dictionary". The Daily Telegraph, 24 March 2011.
^ Salisbury, Ian (20 July 2017). "This Is America's Hottest Sandwich Right Now". Money. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "Celebrating Banh Mi". Google. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
^ Ngọc Lan (10 May 2013). "Chuyện kinh doanh bánh mì tại Little Saigon (kỳ 2)" [Tales of sandwich shop tales in Little Saigon (part 2)]. Nguoi Viet Daily News (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
^ Andrea Nguyen. "Master Banh Mi Sandwich Recipe" Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Viet World Kitchen, retrieved 2010.04.03
^ "Bánh mì Sài gòn nức tiếng thế giới" Archived 28 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, TuanVietNam, 2012/10/20
^ "Sài Gòn: Mua 'vé về tuổi thơ' với bánh mì kẹp kem siêu rẻ" [Saigon: Purchase a "ticket to childhood" with super-cheap ice cream sandwiches]. Trí Thức Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Hội Trí thức Khoa học và Công nghệ Trẻ Việt Nam. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
^ "our story". Ba Le Sandwiches. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^ Wiesberg, Lori (29 January 2018). "Jack vs. Martha: A Jack in the Box fast food showdown begins". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Ives, Mike (7 February 2014). "McDonald's Opens in Vietnam, Bringing Big Mac to Fans of Banh Mi". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Davis, Brett (26 October 2016). "How Vietnam's Dining Habits Are Changing With International Brands". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

External links[edit]

[1] "The best Vietnamese Sandwich to Fall in Love With". Authenticfoodquest.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2020.

[NYT_Moskin-2] Moskin, Julia (7 April 2009). "Building on Layers of Tradition". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018.

[3] "banh mi". OxfordDictionaries.com (British & World English). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

[4] "banh mi". OxfordDictionaries.com (North American English). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

[5] "banh mi". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

[M-W-6] "Banh Mi". Merriam-Webster. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

[7] "banh mi". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

[8] Young, Daniel (25 September 1996). "East Meets West in 'Nam Sandwich". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020.

[9] Saigon-Style Banh Mi Archived 29 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times

[bm-10] "Bánh mì Sài Gòn ở Mỹ". baomoi.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

[11] Lorenzo, Sandra (21 April 2013). "Banh Mi : le sandwich vietnamien qui va pimenter votre pause déjeuner". HuffPost (in French). Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[12] Trần Nhân Tông (c. 1300) [13th century]. 居塵樂道賦第九會 Cư trần lạc đạo phú, đệ cửu hội (in Vietnamese) – via Wikisource.

[13] Jean-Louis Taberd (1838). "Panis". Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum. Dictionarium anamitico-latinum (in Latin). p. 453. hdl:2027/uc1.b000742998. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2018 – via HathiTrust.

[wp-14] Nicholls, Walter (6 February 2008). "The Banh Mi of My Dreams". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2017.

[Vũ_Hồng_Liên-15] Vũ Hồng Liên (2016). Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 147–150. ISBN 9781780237046. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via Google Books.

[WSJ_Eckhardt-16] Eckhardt, Robyn (30 July 2010). "Saigon's Banh Mi". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

[CR_Lam-17] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lam, Andrew (2015). "The Marvel of Bánh Mì" (PDF). The Cairo Review of Global Affairs (18). American University in Cairo: 64–71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.

[Hương_Giang-18] Hương Giang (10 September 2016). "Bánh mì Việt Nam và hành trình chinh phục cả thế giới". Người Lao động (in Vietnamese). No. 212. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[Lê_Văn_Nghĩa-19] Lê Văn Nghĩa (11 June 2017). "Chuyện xưa – chuyện nay: Bánh mì Sài Gòn trong thơ" [Then and now: Saigon sandwiches in poetry]. Tuổi Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[20] Phong Vinh (21 November 2015). "Bánh mì Hòa Mã 50 năm ở Sài Gòn" [Hòa Mã bakery at 50 years in Saigon]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). FPT Group. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[21] "5 quán ăn lâu đời nhất Sài Gòn" [The 5 oldest eateries in Saigon]. Barcode (in Vietnamese). Indochine Media Ventures Vietnam. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[22] P.V. (5 June 2013). "Vào hẻm tìm ăn bánh mì cụ Lý" [Searching the alleys for grandpa Lý's sandwiches]. Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). Vietnam United Youth League. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[23] "Xe bánh mì phá lấu 60 năm tại góc phố Sài Gòn". Ngôi sao (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[KHPT_Trinh_Quang_Dung_3-24] Trịnh Quang Dũng (22 January 2010). "Phở theo thời cuộc" [Pho in the present day]. Báo Khoa Học Phổ Thông (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology Associations. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.

[25] "The Vietnamese Po-Boy". WWNO. 15 July 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[26] "Vietnamese Hoagies Now on the Menu". Archived from the original on 1 October 2015.

[27] "An Viet House in de Beauvoir could become Asian community's answer to Jamie Oliver's training restaurant Fifteen". 27 February 2018.

[28] "Oxford English Dictionary Archived 3 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2011.03.24

[29] Andy Bloxham. "Heart symbol enters Oxford English Dictionary". The Daily Telegraph, 24 March 2011.

[30] Salisbury, Ian (20 July 2017). "This Is America's Hottest Sandwich Right Now". Money. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[31] "Celebrating Banh Mi". Google. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.

[Ngọc_Lan-32] Ngọc Lan (10 May 2013). "Chuyện kinh doanh bánh mì tại Little Saigon (kỳ 2)" [Tales of sandwich shop tales in Little Saigon (part 2)]. Nguoi Viet Daily News (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.

[33] Andrea Nguyen. "Master Banh Mi Sandwich Recipe" Archived 30 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Viet World Kitchen, retrieved 2010.04.03

[34] "Bánh mì Sài gòn nức tiếng thế giới" Archived 28 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, TuanVietNam, 2012/10/20

[35] "Sài Gòn: Mua 'vé về tuổi thơ' với bánh mì kẹp kem siêu rẻ" [Saigon: Purchase a "ticket to childhood" with super-cheap ice cream sandwiches]. Trí Thức Trẻ (in Vietnamese). Hội Trí thức Khoa học và Công nghệ Trẻ Việt Nam. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014.

[36] "our story". Ba Le Sandwiches. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

[37] Wiesberg, Lori (29 January 2018). "Jack vs. Martha: A Jack in the Box fast food showdown begins". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[38] Ives, Mike (7 February 2014). "McDonald's Opens in Vietnam, Bringing Big Mac to Fans of Banh Mi". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[39] Davis, Brett (26 October 2016). "How Vietnam's Dining Habits Are Changing With International Brands". Forbes. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

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@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | variations       = [[#Varieties|See below]]
 | calories         =
+| similar_dish	   = [[num pang]], [[khao jee pâté]]<ref name="NYT Moskin" />
 | other            =
 }}
-In [[Vietnamese cuisine]], '''{{lang|vi|bánh mì|italic=no}}''' or '''banh mi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑː|n|_|m|iː}},<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=banh mi|dictionary=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] (British & World English)|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh_mi|archive-date=16 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216034447/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh_mi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary|title=banh mi|dictionary=OxfordDictionaries.com (North American English)|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/banh_mi|archive-date=16 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216034518/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/banh_mi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary|title=banh mi|dictionary=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]|edition=5th|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company]]|access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=banh+mi|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222950/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=banh+mi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="M-W">{{cite dictionary|title=Banh Mi|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banh%20mi|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531141615/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banh%20mi|url-status=live}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|n}};<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=banh mi|dictionary=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/banh-mi|archive-date=24 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124191850/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/banh-mi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="M-W" /> {{IPA-vi|ɓǎjŋ̟ mì|lang}}, "bread") is a short [[baguette]] with thin, crisp crust and soft, airy texture. It is often split lengthwise and filled with savory ingredients like a [[submarine sandwich]] and served as a meal, called ''bánh mì thịt''.  Plain ''banh mi'' is also eaten as a [[staple food]].
+In [[Vietnamese cuisine]], '''{{lang|vi|bánh mì|italic=no}}''' or '''banh mi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑː|n|_|m|iː}},<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=banh mi|dictionary=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] (British & World English) |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=9 May 2017| url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh_mi |archive-date=16 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216034447/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh_mi |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary|title=banh mi |dictionary=OxfordDictionaries.com (North American English) |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=9 May 2017 |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/banh_mi |archive-date=16 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216034518/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/banh_mi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=banh mi |dictionary=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]] |edition=5th |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |access-date=9 May 2017|url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=banh+mi |archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222950/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=banh+mi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="M-W">{{cite dictionary |title=Banh Mi |dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]] |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=9 May 2017 |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banh%20mi |archive-date=31 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531141615/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banh%20mi|url-status=live}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|n}};<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=banh mi |dictionary=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=9 May 2017 |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/banh-mi|archive-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124191850/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/banh-mi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="M-W" /> {{IPA-vi|ɓǎjŋ̟ mì|lang}}, 'bread') is a short [[baguette]] with thin, crisp crust and a soft, airy texture. It is often split lengthwise and filled with meat and savory ingredients like a [[submarine sandwich]] and served as a meal, called {{lang|vi|bánh mì thịt}}.  Plain {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} is also eaten as a [[staple food]].
-A typical Vietnamese roll or sandwich is a [[Fusion cuisine|fusion]] of meats and vegetables from native [[Vietnamese cuisine]] such as ''[[chả lụa]]'' (pork sausage), [[coriander]] leaf ([[cilantro]]), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled [[daikon]] combined with condiments from French cuisine such as ''[[pâté]]'', along with [[red chili]] and buttery [[mayonnaise]].<ref>Daniel Young. [http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/east-meets-west-nam-sandwich-france-influence-indochina-helps-baguette-viet-fave-article-1.742637 "East Meets West in 'Nam Sandwich"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323220056/https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/east-meets-west-nam-sandwich-france-influence-indochina-helps-baguette-viet-fave-article-1.742637 |date=23 March 2020 }}, ''[[New York Daily News]]'', 25 September 1996.</ref> However, [[#Varieties|a wide variety of popular fillings]] are used, from {{lang|vi|[[xíu mại]]}} (a Chinese cuisine) to even [[Ice cream sandwich#Vietnam|ice cream]]. In [[Vietnam]], bread rolls and sandwiches are typically eaten for breakfast or as a snack.
+A typical Vietnamese roll or sandwich is a [[fusion cuisine|fusion]] of meats and vegetables from native [[Vietnamese cuisine]] such as {{lang|vi|[[chả lụa]]}} (Vietnamese sausage), [[coriander]] ([[cilantro]]), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled [[daikon]] combined with condiments from French cuisine such as {{lang|fr|[[pâté]]}}, along with [[red chili]] and [[mayonnaise]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Young |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/east-meets-west-nam-sandwich-france-influence-indochina-helps-baguette-viet-fave-article-1.742637 |title=East Meets West in 'Nam Sandwich |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323220056/https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/east-meets-west-nam-sandwich-france-influence-indochina-helps-baguette-viet-fave-article-1.742637 |archive-date=23 March 2020 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |date=25 September 1996 }}</ref> However, [[#Varieties|a variety of popular fillings]] are used, from {{lang|vi|[[xá xíu]]}} (Chinese barbecued pork) to even [[ice cream sandwich#Vietnam|ice cream]]. In Vietnam, bread rolls and sandwiches are typically eaten for breakfast or as a snack.
-The [[baguette]] was introduced to Vietnam by the French in the mid-19th century, during the [[Nguyễn dynasty]], and became a staple food by the early 20th century. In the 1950s, a distinctly Vietnamese style of sandwich developed in [[Saigon]], becoming a popular [[street food]], also known as '''''bánh mì Sài Gòn''''' ("''Saigon sandwich", "Saigon-style banh mi"'').<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/recipe/saigon-style-banh-mi Saigon-Style Banh Mi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529114050/https://www.latimes.com/recipe/saigon-style-banh-mi |date=29 May 2020 }}, Los Angeles Times</ref><ref name="bm" /> Following the [[Vietnam War]], [[Overseas Vietnamese]] popularized the {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} sandwich in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. In these countries they are commonly sold in Asian [[Bakery|bakeries]].
+The [[baguette]] was introduced to Vietnam by the French in the mid-19th century, during the [[Nguyễn dynasty]], and became a staple food by the early 20th century. In the 1950s, a distinctly Vietnamese style of sandwich developed in [[Saigon]], becoming a popular [[street food]], also known as {{lang|vi|bánh mì Sài Gòn}} ('Saigon sandwich' or 'Saigon-style {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}').<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/recipe/saigon-style-banh-mi Saigon-Style Banh Mi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529114050/https://www.latimes.com/recipe/saigon-style-banh-mi |date=29 May 2020 }}, Los Angeles Times</ref><ref name="bm" /> Following the [[Vietnam War]], [[overseas Vietnamese]] popularized the {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} sandwich in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States. In these countries, they are commonly sold in Asian [[bakery|bakeries]].
 ==Terminology==
 [[File:Banh mi and cuon.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|vi|Bánh mì}} and {{lang|vi|[[bì cuốn]]}}]]
-In [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], the word ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' is derived from ''{{lang|vi|[[bánh]]}}'' (which can refer to many kinds of food, primarily baked goods, including bread) and ''{{lang|vi|mì}}'' (wheat). It may also be spelled ''{{lang|vi|bánh mỳ}}'' in northern Vietnam. Taken alone, ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' means any kind of bread, but it could refer to the Vietnamese baguette, or the sandwich made from it.  To distinguish the un-filled bread from the sandwich with fillings, the term ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì không}}'' ("plain bread") can be used.  To distinguish the Vietnamese-style bread from other kinds of bread, the term ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì Sài Gòn}}'' ("Saigon-style bread") or ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì Việt Nam}}'' ("Vietnam-style bread") can be used.
+In [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], the word ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' is derived from ''{{lang|vi|[[bánh]]}}'' (which can refer to many kinds of food, primarily baked goods, including bread) and ''{{lang|vi|mì}}'' ("wheat"). It may also be spelled ''{{lang|vi|bánh mỳ}}'' in northern Vietnam. Taken alone, ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' means any kind of bread, but it could refer to the Vietnamese baguette or the sandwich made from it.  To distinguish the unfilled bread from the sandwich with fillings, the term ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì không}}'' ("plain bread") can be used. To distinguish Vietnamese-style bread from other kinds of bread, the term ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì Sài Gòn}}'' ("Saigon-style bread") or ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì Việt Nam}}'' ("Vietnam-style bread") can be used.
-A [[False etymology|folk etymology]] claims that the word ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' is a corruption of the [[French language|French]] ''{{lang|fr|[[pain de mie]]}}'', meaning soft, white bread.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banh Mi : le sandwich vietnamien qui va pimenter votre pause déjeuner|first=Sandra|last=Lorenzo|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=21 April 2013|access-date=3 April 2018|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html|language=fr|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073046/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, ''{{lang|vi|[[wikt:bánh|bánh]]}}'' or its [[Chữ Nôm|Nôm]] form {{vi-nom|[[wikt:餅|餅]]}} has referred to [[rice cake]]s and other pastries since as early as the 13th century, long before [[French Indochina|French contact]].<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=居塵樂道賦 第九會 Cư trần lạc đạo phú, đệ cửu hội |wslink=vi:Cư trần lạc đạo phú/Đệ cửu hội |author=Trần Nhân Tông |authorlink=Trần Nhân Tông |date=c. 1300 |orig-date= 13th century |language=Vietnamese}}</ref>
+A [[False etymology|folk etymology]] claims that the word ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' is a corruption of the French ''{{lang|fr|[[pain de mie]]}}'', meaning soft, white bread.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banh Mi : le sandwich vietnamien qui va pimenter votre pause déjeuner|first=Sandra|last=Lorenzo|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=21 April 2013|access-date=3 April 2018|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html|language=fr|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073046/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, ''{{lang|vi|[[wikt:bánh|bánh]]}}'' (or its [[Chữ Nôm|Nôm]] form, {{vi-nom|[[wikt:餅|餅]]}}) has referred to [[rice cake]]s and other pastries since as early as the 13th century, long before [[French Indochina|French contact]].<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=居塵樂道賦 第九會 Cư trần lạc đạo phú, đệ cửu hội |wslink=vi:Cư trần lạc đạo phú/Đệ cửu hội |author=Trần Nhân Tông |authorlink=Trần Nhân Tông |date=c. 1300 |orig-date= 13th century |language=vi}}</ref>
 ==History==
+[[File:Bánh mì nhân chà bông, giò lụa, ớt.jpg|thumb|Bánh mì chà bông, [[giò lụa]], chili pepper]]
-The word {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}, meaning "bread", is attested in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as early as the 1830s, in [[Jean-Louis Taberd]]'s dictionary ''{{lang|la|Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum}}''.<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Panis|author=Jean-Louis Taberd|author-link=Jean-Louis Taberd|work=Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum|series=Dictionarium anamitico-latinum|date=1838|page=453|hdl=2027/uc1.b000742998?urlappend=%3Bseq=551|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b000742998?urlappend=%3Bseq=551|language=la|via=HathiTrust|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204111547/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b000742998;seq=551;a=zoom:1|url-status=live}}</ref> The French introduced Vietnam to the [[baguette]], along with other baked goods such as [[pâté chaud]], in the 1860s, at the [[Cochinchina campaign|start of their imperialism]] in Vietnam.<ref name="wp">{{cite news|title=The Banh Mi of My Dreams|first=Walter|last=Nicholls|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=6 February 2008|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020500888.html|access-date=20 September 2017|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212140111/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020500888.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vũ Hồng Liên">{{cite book|title=Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam|author=Vũ Hồng Liên|location=London|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|year=2016|pages=147–150|isbn=9781780237046|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJGEDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT147|via=Google Books|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721103239/https://books.google.com/books?id=UJGEDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT147|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Northern Vietnam]]ese initially called the baguette ''{{lang|vi|bánh tây}}'', literally "Western [[bánh]]", while [[Southern Vietnam]]ese called it {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}, "wheat [[bánh]]".<ref name="WSJ Eckhardt" /><ref name="CR Lam" /> [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]] mentions the baguette in his 1861 poem "{{lang|vi|[[s:vi:Văn tế nghĩa sĩ Cần Giuộc|Văn tế nghĩa sĩ Cần Giuộc]]|italic=no}}". Due to the price of imported [[wheat]] at the time, French baguettes and sandwiches were considered a [[luxury goods|luxury]]. During [[World War I]], an influx of French soldiers and supplies arrived. At the same time, disruptions of wheat imports led bakers to begin mixing in inexpensive [[rice flour]] (which also made the bread fluffier). As a result, it became possible for ordinary Vietnamese to enjoy French staples such as bread.<ref name="Hương Giang" /><ref name="Lê Văn Nghĩa">{{cite news|title=Chuyện xưa – chuyện nay: Bánh mì Sài Gòn trong thơ|trans-title=Then and now: Saigon sandwiches in poetry|author=Lê Văn Nghĩa|work=[[Tuổi Trẻ]]|publisher=Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union|date=11 June 2017|access-date=3 April 2018|url=https://dulich.tuoitre.vn/du-lich/chuyen-xua-chuyen-nay-banh-mi-sai-gon-trong-tho-1329645.htm|language=vi|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141502/https://dulich.tuoitre.vn/du-lich/chuyen-xua-chuyen-nay-banh-mi-sai-gon-trong-tho-1329645.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CR Lam" /> Many shops baked twice a day, because bread tends to go stale quickly in the hot, humid climate of Vietnam. Baguettes were mainly eaten for breakfast with some butter and sugar.<ref name="Vũ Hồng Liên" />
+The word {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}, meaning "bread", is attested in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as early as the 1830s, in [[Jean-Louis Taberd]]'s dictionary ''{{lang|la|Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum}}''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Panis|author=Jean-Louis Taberd|author-link=Jean-Louis Taberd|encyclopedia=Dictionarium Latino-Annamiticum|series=Dictionarium anamitico-latinum|date=1838|page=453|hdl=2027/uc1.b000742998?urlappend=%3Bseq=551|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b000742998?urlappend=%3Bseq=551|language=la|via=HathiTrust|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204111547/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b000742998;seq=551;a=zoom:1|url-status=live}}</ref> The French introduced Vietnam to the [[baguette]], along with other baked goods such as [[pâté chaud]], in the 1860s, at the [[Cochinchina campaign|start of their imperialism]] in Vietnam.<ref name="wp">{{cite news|title=The Banh Mi of My Dreams|first=Walter|last=Nicholls|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=6 February 2008|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020500888.html|access-date=20 September 2017|archive-date=12 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212140111/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020500888.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vũ Hồng Liên">{{cite book|title=Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam|author=Vũ Hồng Liên|location=London|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|year=2016|pages=147–150|isbn=9781780237046|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJGEDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT147|via=Google Books|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721103239/https://books.google.com/books?id=UJGEDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT147|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Northern Vietnam]]ese initially called the baguette ''{{lang|vi|bánh tây}}'', literally "Western [[bánh]]", while [[Southern Vietnam]]ese called it {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}, "wheat [[bánh]]".<ref name="WSJ Eckhardt" /><ref name="CR Lam" /> [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]] mentions the baguette in his 1861 poem "{{lang|vi|[[s:vi:Văn tế nghĩa sĩ Cần Giuộc|Văn tế nghĩa sĩ Cần Giuộc]]|italic=no}}". Due to the price of imported [[wheat]] at the time, French baguettes and sandwiches were considered a [[luxury goods|luxury]]. During [[World War I]], an influx of French soldiers and supplies arrived. At the same time, disruptions of wheat imports led bakers to begin mixing in inexpensive [[rice flour]] (which also made the bread fluffier). As a result, it became possible for ordinary Vietnamese to enjoy French staples such as bread.<ref name="Hương Giang" /><ref name="Lê Văn Nghĩa">{{cite news|title=Chuyện xưa – chuyện nay: Bánh mì Sài Gòn trong thơ|trans-title=Then and now: Saigon sandwiches in poetry|author=Lê Văn Nghĩa|work=[[Tuổi Trẻ]]|publisher=Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union|date=11 June 2017|access-date=3 April 2018|url=https://dulich.tuoitre.vn/du-lich/chuyen-xua-chuyen-nay-banh-mi-sai-gon-trong-tho-1329645.htm|language=vi|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141502/https://dulich.tuoitre.vn/du-lich/chuyen-xua-chuyen-nay-banh-mi-sai-gon-trong-tho-1329645.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CR Lam" /> Many shops baked twice a day, because bread tends to go stale quickly in the hot, humid climate of Vietnam. Baguettes were mainly eaten for breakfast with some butter and sugar.<ref name="Vũ Hồng Liên" />
 [[File:Bánh mì Việt Anh, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} stand in Ho Chi Minh City]]
@@ Line 42: / Line 44: @@
 After the [[Fall of Saigon]] in 1975, ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' sandwiches became a luxury item once again.<ref name="WSJ Eckhardt" /> During the so-called "[[Economic history of Vietnam#Subsidy phase: 1976-1986|subsidy period]]", state-owned ''[[phở]]'' eateries often served bread or cold rice as a side dish, leading to the present-day practice of dipping {{lang|vi|[[Youtiao|quẩy]]}} in ''phở''.<ref name="KHPT Trinh Quang Dung 3">{{cite news|title=Phở theo thời cuộc|trans-title=Pho in the present day|author=Trịnh Quang Dũng|work=Báo Khoa Học Phổ Thông|publisher=Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology Associations|date=22 January 2010|access-date=22 May 2013|url=http://www.khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/4157/100-nam-pho-viet.html|language=vi|archive-date=13 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413040848/http://khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/4157/100-nam-pho-viet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1980s, [[Đổi Mới]] market reforms led to a renaissance in {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}, mostly as [[street food]].<ref name="WSJ Eckhardt" />
-Meanwhile, [[Vietnamese Americans]] brought ''bánh mì'' sandwiches to cities across the United States. In Northern California, {{lang|vi|Lê Văn Bá|italic=no}} and his sons are credited with popularizing ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' among Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese Americans alike through their [[food truck]] services provider and their fast-food chain, [[Lee's Sandwiches]], beginning in the 1980s.<ref name="CR Lam" /> Sometimes {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} was likened to local sandwiches. In [[New Orleans]], a "Vietnamese [[po' boy]]" recipe won the 2009 award for best po' boy at the annual Oak Street Po-Boy Festival.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Vietnamese Po-Boy|publisher=[[WWNO]]|date=15 July 2010|url=http://wwno.org/post/vietnamese-po-boy|access-date=8 May 2012|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145400/http://wwno.org/post/vietnamese-po-boy|url-status=live}}</ref> A restaurant in [[Philadelphia]] also sells a similar sandwich, marketed as a "Vietnamese [[hoagie]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnamese Hoagies Now on the Menu |url=http://citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001214129/http://citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml |archive-date=1 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>
+Meanwhile, [[Vietnamese Americans]] brought ''bánh mì'' sandwiches to cities across the United States. In Northern California, {{lang|vi|Lê Văn Bá|italic=no}} and his sons are credited with popularizing ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì}}'' among Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese Americans alike through their [[food truck]] services provider and their fast-food chain, [[Lee's Sandwiches]], beginning in the 1980s.<ref name="CR Lam" /> Sometimes {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} was likened to local sandwiches. In [[New Orleans]], a "Vietnamese [[po' boy]]" recipe won the 2009 award for the best po' boy at the annual Oak Street Po-Boy Festival.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Vietnamese Po-Boy|publisher=[[WWNO]]|date=15 July 2010|url=http://wwno.org/post/vietnamese-po-boy|access-date=8 May 2012|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145400/http://wwno.org/post/vietnamese-po-boy|url-status=live}}</ref> A restaurant in [[Philadelphia]] also sells a similar sandwich, marketed as a "Vietnamese [[hoagie]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnamese Hoagies Now on the Menu |url=http://citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001214129/http://citypaper.net/articles/2006-07-20/food6.shtml |archive-date=1 October 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref>
+[[File:Boon Hotel + Spa - Sarah Stierch - April 2019 - 4.jpg|thumb|Bánh mì in California]]
-Since the 1970s [[Vietnamese refugees]] from the [[American War in Vietnam]] arrived in London and were hosted at community centres<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/an-viet-house-in-de-beauvoir-could-become-asian-community-3586976 | title=An Viet House in de Beauvoir could become Asian community's answer to Jamie Oliver's training restaurant Fifteen | date=27 February 2018 }}</ref> in areas of London such as [[De Beauvoir Town]] eventually founding a string of successful Vietnamese-style canteens in [[Shoreditch]] where ''bánh mì'' alongside ''[[phở]]'', were popularised from the 1990s.
+Since the 1970s, [[Vietnamese refugees]] from the [[Vietnam War]] arrived in London and were hosted at community centers <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/an-viet-house-in-de-beauvoir-could-become-asian-community-3586976 | title=An Viet House in de Beauvoir could become Asian community's answer to Jamie Oliver's training restaurant Fifteen | date=27 February 2018 }}</ref> in areas of London such as [[De Beauvoir Town]] eventually founding a string of successful Vietnamese-style canteens in [[Shoreditch]] where ''bánh mì'' alongside ''[[phở]]'', was popularised from the 1990s.
-{{lang|vi|Bánh mì}} sandwiches were featured in the 2002 [[PBS]] documentary ''[[Sandwiches That You Will Like]]''. The word {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} was added to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' on 24 March 2011.<ref>[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh+mi "Oxford English Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503010727/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh+mi |date=3 May 2012 }} retrieved 2011.03.24</ref><ref>Andy Bloxham. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111128124424/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8400964/Heart-symbol-enters-Oxford-English-Dictionary.html "Heart symbol enters Oxford English Dictionary"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 24 March 2011.</ref> As of 2017, {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} is included in about 2% of U.S. restaurant sandwich menus, a nearly fivefold increase from 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=This Is America's Hottest Sandwich Right Now|first=Ian|last=Salisbury|magazine=[[Money (magazine)|Money]]|date=20 July 2017|access-date=15 April 2018|url=https://money.com/banh-mi-americas-fastest-growing-sandwich/|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701180421/https://money.com/banh-mi-americas-fastest-growing-sandwich/|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 24, 2020, [[Google]] celebrated bánh mì with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/celebrating-banh-mi|title=Celebrating Banh Mi|website=Google|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324040957/http://www.google.com/doodles/celebrating-banh-mi|url-status=live}}</ref>
+{{lang|vi|Bánh mì}} sandwiches were featured in the 2002 [[PBS]] documentary ''[[Sandwiches That You Will Like]]''. The word {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} was added to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' on 24 March 2011.<ref>[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh+mi "Oxford English Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503010727/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/banh+mi |date=3 May 2012 }} retrieved 2011.03.24</ref><ref>Andy Bloxham. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111128124424/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8400964/Heart-symbol-enters-Oxford-English-Dictionary.html "Heart symbol enters Oxford English Dictionary"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 24 March 2011.</ref> As of 2017, {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} is included in about 2% of U.S. restaurant sandwich menus, a nearly fivefold increase from 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=This Is America's Hottest Sandwich Right Now|first=Ian|last=Salisbury|magazine=[[Money (magazine)|Money]]|date=20 July 2017|access-date=15 April 2018|url=https://money.com/banh-mi-americas-fastest-growing-sandwich/|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701180421/https://money.com/banh-mi-americas-fastest-growing-sandwich/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 March 2020, [[Google]] celebrated bánh mì with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/celebrating-banh-mi|title=Celebrating Banh Mi|website=Google|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324040957/http://www.google.com/doodles/celebrating-banh-mi|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Ingredients==
@@ Line 64: / Line 67: @@
 ==Varieties==
+[[File:Bánh mì nướng muối ớt.jpg|thumb|Grilled bánh mì with chili salt]]
+[[File:Bánh mì bò kho ở cà phê Nguyệt Ca.jpg|thumb|Bánh mì to eat with [[bò kho]]]]
 Many fillings are used. A typical {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} shop in the United States offers at least 10 varieties.<ref name="Ngọc Lan">{{cite news|title=Chuyện kinh doanh bánh mì tại Little Saigon (kỳ 2)|trans-title=Tales of sandwich shop tales in Little Saigon (part 2)|author=Ngọc Lan|work=[[Nguoi Viet Daily News]]|date=10 May 2013|access-date=10 April 2018|url=https://www.nguoi-viet.com/little-saigon/Chuyen-kinh-doanh-banh-mi-tai-Little-Saigon-ky-2-3842/|language=vi|archive-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203436/https://www.nguoi-viet.com/little-saigon/Chuyen-kinh-doanh-banh-mi-tai-Little-Saigon-ky-2-3842/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The most popular variety is ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì thịt}}'', ''thịt'' meaning "meat". ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì thịt nguội}}'' (also known as ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì pâté chả thịt}}'', ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì đặc biệt}}'', or "special combo") is made with various Vietnamese [[cold cut]]s, such as sliced pork or [[pork belly]], ''[[chả lụa]]'' (pork sausage), and [[head cheese]], along with the liver ''{{lang|fr|[[pâté]]}}'' and vegetables like carrot or cucumbers.<ref>Andrea Nguyen. [http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/recipes-banh-mi-sandwich/ "Master Banh Mi Sandwich Recipe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330203647/http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/recipes-banh-mi-sandwich/ |date=30 March 2010 }}, ''Viet World Kitchen'', retrieved 2010.04.03</ref><ref name="WSJ Eckhardt">{{cite news|title=Saigon's Banh Mi|first=Robyn|last=Eckhardt|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=30 July 2010|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703578104575397030042789698|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309180225/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703578104575397030042789698|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bm">{{cite web|url=http://www.baomoi.com/Banh-mi-Sai-Gon-o-My/84/3408653.epi|title=Bánh mì Sài Gòn ở Mỹ|work=baomoi.com|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=19 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219175823/http://www.baomoi.com/Banh-mi-Sai-Gon-o-My/84/3408653.epi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/chinh-tri/tuanvietnam/93332/banh-mi--tau-ngam--sai-gon-nuc-tieng-the-gioi.html "Bánh mì Sài gòn nức tiếng thế giới"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128020235/http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/chinh-tri/tuanvietnam/93332/banh-mi--tau-ngam--sai-gon-nuc-tieng-the-gioi.html |date=28 January 2013 }}, TuanVietNam, 2012/10/20</ref>
+The most popular variety is ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì thịt}}'', ''thịt'' meaning "meat". ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì thịt nguội}}'' (also known as ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì pâté chả thịt}}'', ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì đặc biệt}}'', or "special combo") is made with various Vietnamese [[cold cut]]s, such as sliced pork or [[pork belly]], ''[[chả lụa]]'' (Vietnamese sausage), and [[head cheese]], along with the liver ''{{lang|fr|[[pâté]]}}'' and vegetables like carrot or cucumbers.<ref>Andrea Nguyen. [http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/recipes-banh-mi-sandwich/ "Master Banh Mi Sandwich Recipe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330203647/http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/recipes-banh-mi-sandwich/ |date=30 March 2010 }}, ''Viet World Kitchen'', retrieved 2010.04.03</ref><ref name="WSJ Eckhardt">{{cite news|title=Saigon's Banh Mi|first=Robyn|last=Eckhardt|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=30 July 2010|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703578104575397030042789698|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309180225/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703578104575397030042789698|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bm">{{cite web|url=http://www.baomoi.com/Banh-mi-Sai-Gon-o-My/84/3408653.epi|title=Bánh mì Sài Gòn ở Mỹ|work=baomoi.com|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=19 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219175823/http://www.baomoi.com/Banh-mi-Sai-Gon-o-My/84/3408653.epi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/chinh-tri/tuanvietnam/93332/banh-mi--tau-ngam--sai-gon-nuc-tieng-the-gioi.html "Bánh mì Sài gòn nức tiếng thế giới"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128020235/http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/chinh-tri/tuanvietnam/93332/banh-mi--tau-ngam--sai-gon-nuc-tieng-the-gioi.html |date=28 January 2013 }}, TuanVietNam, 2012/10/20</ref>
 Other varieties include:
@@ Line 77: / Line 82: @@
 * ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì pa-tê}}'' (''{{lang|fr|[[pâté]]}}'' sandwich)
 * ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì [[xá xíu]]}}'' or ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì thịt nướng}}'' (barbecue pork sandwich)
-* ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì [[chả lụa]]}}'' or ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì giò lụa}}'' (pork sausage sandwich)
+* ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì [[chả lụa]]}}'' or ''{{lang|vi|bánh mì giò lụa}}'' (Vietnamese sausage sandwich)
 * ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì gà nướng}}'' (grilled chicken sandwich)
 * ''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì chay}}'' (vegetarian sandwich){{snd}} made with [[tofu]] or ''[[seitan]]''; in Vietnam, usually made at Buddhist temples during special religious events, but uncommon on the streets
@@ Line 92: / Line 97: @@
 File:Bánh mì thịt nướng.png|''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì thịt nướng}}'' (barbecue pork sandwich)
 File:Chicken Schnitzel Roll.jpg|with Chicken Schnitzel
+File:Bánh mì than tre Việt Nam 20201205.jpg|''{{lang|vi|Bánh mì than tre}} (Bamboo charcoal bánh mì)
+File:Bánh mì mayo burger.jpg|The bánh mì is made round like a hamburger
 </gallery>
+[[File:Một phần bánh mì chảo với trứng và chả (38657217774).jpg|thumb|Bánh mì chảo]]
-Nowadays, it is popular with different type of {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}: '''''bánh mì que'''''. Its shape is thinner and longer than a normal one. But it can be fulfilled with different ingredients as normal {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}.
+[[File:Banh my que.jpg|thumb|Bánh mỳ que]]
+Nowadays, different types of {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} are popular. For example, '''''bánh mì que''''' is thinner and longer and can be filled with various ingredients just as normal {{lang|vi|bánh mì}}.
-Sandwices similar to Vietnamese {{lang|vi|bánh mì}} are also found in [[Lao cuisine]] called ''khao chī pate'' ({{lang-lo|ເຂົ້າຈີ່ປາເຕ້}}) and in [[Cambodian cuisine]] called '' [[num pang pâté]]'' ({{lang-km|នំបុ័ងប៉ាតេ}}).<ref name="NYT Moskin" />
 <gallery>
-File:Khao ji patte breakfast.jpg|Khao chī pate in Laos, with spice paste on the side
+File: Khao ji patte breakfast.jpg|[[Khao jee pâté]] in Laos, with spice paste called [[Jeow bong]]
 </gallery>
@@ Line 112: / Line 119: @@
 ==See also==
+* [[Khao jee pâté]]
+* [[Num pang]]
+* [[French roll]]
 * [[List of sandwiches]]
-* [[Marraqueta]]
 * [[Vietnamese cuisine]]
@@ Line 123: / Line 132: @@
 {{Street food}}
-{{Sandwhich}}
+{{Sandwiches}}
 {{Vietnamese cuisine}}
+{{Bánh}}
 {{Portal bar|Vietnam|Food}}

v t e Street food
Foods	Acarajé Aloo chaat Aloo tikki Anticucho Apam balik Arancini Arepa Asinan Bagel Bakpau Bakso Balık ekmek Banana cue Bánh hỏi Bánh mì Bánh xèo Batagor Beef Pares Beguni Belgian waffle Beondegi Bhel puri Binaki Binatog Biryani Bourekas Bratwurst Brochette Bublik Bubur ayam Bun cha Bungeo-ppang Bunny chow Burrito Breakfast burrito Calzone Calamares Camote cue Cart noodle Chaat Chebureki Chiko Roll Chimichanga Chinese bhel Cockle (bivalve) Cōng yóu bǐng Covrigi Coxinha Crêpe Crescia Currywurst Dahi puri Dak-kkochi Dim sum Donkey burger Dosa Doubles Douhua Empanada Enchilada Esquites Falafel Farinata Fish ball Focaccia French fries French tacos Fried chicken (Korean, Taiwanese) Navajo frybread Galette-saucisse Ginanggang Gorengan Ghugni Gukhwappang Gyeranppang Gyro Haleem Hot dog Inihaw Isaw Idli Jhalmuri Jiaozi Kaassoufflé Kachori Kapsalon Kati roll Karantika Kebab Chapli kebab Doner kebab Kyinkyinga Shami kebab List of kebabs Kerak telor Ketoprak Khachapuri Khanom Tokyo Kikiam Knish Kwek Kwek Laksa Lángos Luchi Malatang Mami Maruya Masala puri Meat pie Mie ayam Murtabak Naan Nem chua rán Obwarzanek krakowski Pad thai Pajeon Pakora Paneer tikka Pani câ meusa Panini Panipuri Panzerotti Papri chaat Paratha Pasty Pav bhaji Pempek Pepito Peremech Pho Piadina Picarones Pilaf Pinasugbo Pirozhki Pizza al taglio / Pizza by the slice Pizzetta Plăcintă Pljeskavica Poha Poutine Pretzel Punugulu Puri Quail eggs Quesadilla Rat-on-a-stick Ražnjići Rogan josh Rojak Roti Roti bakar Roti john Roujiamo Rumali roti Rustico Sabich Samosa Sandwich Sardenara Satay Sausage roll Scaccia Seblak Sevpuri Sfenj Shao Kao Shashlik Shawarma Sicilian pizza Siomay Soto Souvlaki Stigghiola Stromboli Taco Korean taco Tahri Tahu gejrot Tahu sumedang Takoyaki Tamale Tandoori chicken Tangbao Taquito Tauge goreng Tornado potato Turon U' pastizz 'rtunnar Vada Vada pav Vastedda Vietnamese noodles Xôi Yakitori Zapiekanka
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Lists	List of street foods List of food trucks
Food portal Category: Street food

v t e Vietnamese cuisine
Rice/Xôi dishes	Bánh chưng Bánh tét Cháo Cơm bình dân Cơm cháy Ninh Bình Cơm hến Cơm gà Quảng Nam Cơm lam Cơm nắm Cơm tấm Xôi
Noodles	Bánh canh Bánh ướt Bánh đa cua Bún bò Huế Bún cá Bún chả Bún chả cá Bún đậu mắm tôm Bún mắm Bún mắm cua Bún mọc Bún ốc Bún riêu Bún thang Bún thịt nướng Cao lầu Hủ tiếu Mì Mì Quảng Miến Phở Phở khô Gia Lai
Staples	Cá kho Cá khô Canh chua Chả Chả trứng Dồi Dưa muối Giò lụa Giò thủ Rau muống xào tỏi Ruốc Thịt kho tàu
Salads/rolls/rice paper	Bánh cuốn Bánh ướt Bò bía Bò nướng lá lốt Gỏi cuốn Nem chua Nộm (Nộm hoa chuối · Nộm sứa)
Beverages	Bia hơi Chanh muối Cơm rượu Egg soda Rượu cần Rượu đế Rượu nếp Rượu rắn Rượu thuốc Sugarcane juice Vietnamese egg coffee Vietnamese iced coffee
Condiments/sauces	Basil Crispy fried shallot Fig leaves Kinh giới Mắm nêm Mắm ruốc Mắm tép Mắm tôm Mẻ Nước mắm Rau răm Rice paddy herb Scallion Tía tô Tương đen Xì dầu
Bánh (cakes/breads)	Bánh bao bánh vạc Bánh bèo Bánh bò Bánh bột chiên Bánh bột lọc Bánh cáy Bánh căn Bánh chay Bánh chuối Bánh chưng Bánh cốm Bánh dày Bánh da lợn Bánh đa nướng Bánh đa kê Bánh đậu xanh Bánh đúc Bánh ép Bánh gai Bánh giầy Bánh gio Bánh giò Bánh gối Bánh hỏi Bánh in Bánh ít (Bánh ít dừa · Bánh ít trần) Bánh khảo Bánh khoai mì Bánh khọt Bánh khúc Bánh lá Bánh lọt Bánh mật Bánh mì Bánh nậm Pâté chaud Bánh pía Bánh phu thê Bánh quai vạc Bánh rán Bánh tằm khoai mì Bánh tẻ Bánh tôm Hồ Tây Bánh tráng Bánh tráng nướng Bánh trôi Bánh chay Bánh xèo
Desserts/snacks	Beef jerky Chè Chè bà ba Chè đậu trắng Chè đậu xanh Chè hạt sen Chè trôi nước Kẹo cu đơ Ô mai Pumpkin seeds Sunflower seeds Watermelon seeds
Street food	Bánh mì Bánh rế Chuối nếp nướng Nem nướng Snail Trứng vịt lộn Phá lấu Bánh tráng trộn
Ethnic minorities' food & drinks	Rượu Tà-vạt (Katu people) Bánh sừng trâu (Katu people) Bánh cống (Khmer Krom) Bánh thốt nốt (Khmer Krom) Bún nước lèo (Khmer Krom) Bún xiêm lo (Khmer Krom) Cốm dẹp (Khmer Krom) Cơm nị (Khmer Krom) Ọm chiếl (Khmer Krom) Ò sui (Yao people) Khâu nhục (Tày people) Bánh gừng (Cham people) Tung lamaow/tung lò mò (Cham people) Pa pỉnh tộp (Thái people) Nặm pịa (Thái people) Thắng cố (Hmong people)
Others	Bird's nest soup Bò 7 món Bột sắn Chả giò Chạo tôm Chả cá Lã Vọng Dog meat Fishcake Gạch Gỏi lá Kon Tum Gỏi nhệch Tiết canh Quẩy
Cooking appliances	Lò trấu Hoàng Cầm stove Niêu đất Chõ
Vietnam portal Food portal Category: Vietnamese cuisine

v t e Bánh
Dumplings	Bánh bao Bánh bao bánh vạc Bánh bột lọc Bánh gối
Rice cakes	Bánh bó Bánh bò Bánh cốm Bánh chưng Bánh da lợn Bánh giầy Bánh in Bánh mật Bánh phu thê Bánh tét
Pancakes	Bánh chuối Bánh rế Bánh xèo
Rice noodles	Bánh canh Bánh cuốn Bánh ướt
Other	Bánh hỏi Bánh mì Bánh pía Bánh rán Bánh tét Bánh tráng Bánh tráng nướng
Bánh Vietnamese cuisine