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{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image =Pachycereus schottii (5782222323).jpg
|image =Pachycereus schottii (5782222323).jpg
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref =<ref name="IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 p. ">{{cite journal | title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | date=2010-05-12 | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/151764/121565810 | access-date=2023-11-04 | page=}}</ref>
|taxon=Lophocereus schottii
|taxon=Lophocereus schottii
|authority=([[Georg Engelmann|Engelm.]]) Britton & Rose<ref name=POWO_143583-2/>
|authority=([[Georg Engelmann|Engelm.]]) Britton & Rose<ref name=POWO_143583-2/>
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}}
}}


'''''Lophocereus schottii''''', the '''senita cactus''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PASC14|taxon=Pachycereus schottii|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> is a species of [[cactus]] from southern [[Arizona]] and north-western Mexico, particularly [[Baja California]] and [[Sonora]]. Synonyms include ''Pilocereus schottii'' and ''Pachycereus schottii''.<ref name=Ande01p536>{{Citation |last=Anderson |first=Edward F. |year=2001 |title=The Cactus Family |location=Pentland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-498-5 }}, pp. 536–537</ref>
'''''Lophocereus schottii''''', the '''senita cactus''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PASC14|taxon=Pachycereus schottii|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> is a species of [[cactus]] from southern [[Arizona]] and north-western Mexico, particularly [[Baja California]] and [[Sonora]].
==Description==
''Lophocereus schottii'' grows tree-shaped to shrub-like with yellow-green, more or less upright shoots, which often develop into thickets with more than 100 shoots. It reaches heights of 1 to 3 meters and shoot diameters of 5 to 10 centimeters. A tribe is rarely formed. There are 4 to 13 clearly defined ribs. The 1 to 3 strong, gray central spines are 1 to 3 centimeters long. The 3 to 5 marginal spines are gray and 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters long. The terminal pseudocephalium consists of bristly, flexible, gray spines. It occasionally grows to be more than 100 centimeters long.


The funnel-shaped flowers appear laterally from the pseudocephalium and open at night. They are white to deep pink, up to 5 centimeters long and reach a diameter of 3 centimeters. Its pericarpel and flower tube are covered with scales and hairs. The spherical, red fruits contain red pulp and reach a diameter of 1 to 3 centimeters. They are edible, but are rarely used as food.<ref name="Anderson Eggli 2005 p. 492–493">{{cite book | last=Anderson | first=Edward F. | last2=Eggli | first2=Urs | title=Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon | publisher=Ulmer | publication-place=Stuttgart (Hohenheim) | date=2005 | isbn=3-8001-4573-1 | language=de | page= 492–493}}</ref>
⚫
The senita cactus exhibits [[Mutualism (biology)|mutualism]] with the [[Upiga|senita moth]]. The senita moth is the only [[Nocturnality|nocturnal]] pollinator of the cactus, and the moth relies on the cactus as a host for reproduction.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holland|first=J. Nathaniel|last2=Fleming|first2=Theodore H.|date=1999-09-01|title=Mutualistic Interactions Between Upiga Virescens (pyralidae), a Pollinating Seed-Consumer, and Lophocereus Schottii (cactaceae)|journal=Ecology|language=en|volume=80|issue=6|pages=2074–2084|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2074:mibuvp]2.0.co;2|issn=1939-9170|hdl=1911/21700|hdl-access=free}}</ref>


==Distribution==
The distribution area of ''​​Lophocereus schottii'' extends from the south of the US state of [[Arizona]] to the northwest of Mexico and includes the states of [[Baja California]] and Sonora. The species grows at altitudes from 0 to 800 meters.
==Ecology==
⚫
The senita cactus exhibits [[Mutualism (biology)|mutualism]] with the [[Upiga|senita moth]]. The senita moth is the only [[Nocturnality|nocturnal]] pollinator of the cactus, and the moth relies on the cactus as a host for reproduction.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holland|first=J. Nathaniel|last2=Fleming|first2=Theodore H.|date=1999-09-01|title=Mutualistic Interactions Between Upiga Virescens (pyralidae), a Pollinating Seed-Consumer, and Lophocereus Schottii (cactaceae)|journal=Ecology|language=en|volume=80|issue=6|pages=2074–2084|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2074:mibuvp]2.0.co;2|issn=1939-9170|hdl=1911/21700|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
==Taxonomy==
The first description as Cereus schottii was made in 1856 by George Engelmann.<ref name="Arts Arts 1852 p528">{{cite web | last=Arts | first=American Academy of | last2=Arts | first2=American Academy of | title=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | publisher=Metcalf and Co | volume=v. 3 (1852-1857) | date=1852 | issn=0199-9818 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3101002 | access-date=2023-11-04}}</ref> The specific epithet schottii honors the German naturalist and plant collector Arthur Schott, who was involved in surveying the border between the United States and Mexico. [[Nathaniel Lord Britton]] and [[Joseph Nelson Rose]] placed the species in the genus ''Lemaireocereus'' in 1909. Further [[Synonym (taxonomy)|nomenclature synonyms]] are ''Pilocereus schottii'' (Engelm.) Lem. (1862) and ''Pachycereus schottii'' (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt (1987).<ref name="Arts Arts 1852 p528">{{cite web | last=Arts | first=American Academy of | last2=Arts | first2=American Academy of | title=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | publisher=Metcalf and Co | volume=v. 3 (1852-1857) | date=1852 | issn=0199-9818 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3101002 | access-date=2023-11-04}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=POWO_143583-2>{{citation |title=''Lophocereus schottii'' (Engelm.) Britton & Rose |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:143583-2 |access-date=2021-03-16 }}</ref>
<ref name=POWO_143583-2>{{citation |title=''Lophocereus schottii'' (Engelm.) Britton & Rose |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:143583-2 |access-date=2021-03-16 }}</ref>
}}
}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Lophocereus schottii|''Lophocereus schottii''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Lophocereus schottii|''Lophocereus schottii''}}


{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15320987|from2=Q662904|from3=Q14944239}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15320987|from2=Q662904|from3=Q14944239}}

Revision as of 18:22, 4 November 2023

Lophocereus schottii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Lophocereus
Species:
L. schottii
Binomial name
Lophocereus schottii
(Engelm.) Britton & Rose[2]
Synonyms[2]
  • Cereus mieckleyanus Weing.
  • Cereus palmeri F.A.C.Weber
  • Cereus sargentianus Orcutt
  • Cereus schottii Engelm.
  • Lemaireocereus mieckleyanus (Weing.) Borg
  • Lophocereus australis Britton & Rose
  • Lophocereus mieckleyanus (Weing.) Backeb.
  • Lophocereus sargentianus (Orcutt) Britton & Rose
  • Pachycereus schottii (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt
  • Pilocereus sargentianus Orcutt ex K.Schum.
  • Pilocereus schottii (Engelm.) Lem.

Lophocereus schottii, the senita cactus,[3] is a species of cactus from southern Arizona and north-western Mexico, particularly Baja California and Sonora.

Description

Lophocereus schottii grows tree-shaped to shrub-like with yellow-green, more or less upright shoots, which often develop into thickets with more than 100 shoots. It reaches heights of 1 to 3 meters and shoot diameters of 5 to 10 centimeters. A tribe is rarely formed. There are 4 to 13 clearly defined ribs. The 1 to 3 strong, gray central spines are 1 to 3 centimeters long. The 3 to 5 marginal spines are gray and 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters long. The terminal pseudocephalium consists of bristly, flexible, gray spines. It occasionally grows to be more than 100 centimeters long.

The funnel-shaped flowers appear laterally from the pseudocephalium and open at night. They are white to deep pink, up to 5 centimeters long and reach a diameter of 3 centimeters. Its pericarpel and flower tube are covered with scales and hairs. The spherical, red fruits contain red pulp and reach a diameter of 1 to 3 centimeters. They are edible, but are rarely used as food.[4]

Distribution

The distribution area of ​​Lophocereus schottii extends from the south of the US state of Arizona to the northwest of Mexico and includes the states of Baja California and Sonora. The species grows at altitudes from 0 to 800 meters.

Ecology

The senita cactus exhibits mutualism with the senita moth. The senita moth is the only nocturnal pollinator of the cactus, and the moth relies on the cactus as a host for reproduction.[5]

Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus schottii was made in 1856 by George Engelmann.[6] The specific epithet schottii honors the German naturalist and plant collector Arthur Schott, who was involved in surveying the border between the United States and Mexico. Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose placed the species in the genus Lemaireocereus in 1909. Further nomenclature synonyms are Pilocereus schottii (Engelm.) Lem. (1862) and Pachycereus schottii (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt (1987).[6]

References

  1. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  2. ^ a b "Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2021-03-16
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Pachycereus schottii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  4. ^ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. p. 492–493. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
  5. ^ Holland, J. Nathaniel; Fleming, Theodore H. (1999-09-01). "Mutualistic Interactions Between Upiga Virescens (pyralidae), a Pollinating Seed-Consumer, and Lophocereus Schottii (cactaceae)". Ecology. 80 (6): 2074–2084. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2074:mibuvp]2.0.co;2. hdl:1911/21700. ISSN 1939-9170.
  6. ^ a b Arts, American Academy of; Arts, American Academy of (1852). "Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Metcalf and Co. ISSN 0199-9818. Retrieved 2023-11-04.

External links


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