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'{{Short description|City in Ilam province, Iran}} {{for-multi|the administrative divisions|Ilam province|and|Ilam County}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ilam | native_name = {{lang-fa|ايلام}}<br>'''Îlam'''<br>{{lang-ku|ئیلام‎}} | other_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Ilam3.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = A square in Ilam | image_seal = | pushpin_map = Iran#Ilam Iran | pushpin_map_caption = | image_map = Ilam-IL.png | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Ilam in Ilam province | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Iran]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Ilam province|Ilam]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Ilam County|Ilam]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Ilam County)|Central]] | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Afshin Mozaffari | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 census"/> | population_total = 194030 | population_est = | population_est_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] | utc_offset = +3:30 | coordinates = {{coord|33|38|06|N|46|24|26|E|dim:3km|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=33.635&mlon=46.407222&zoom=14#map=14/33.6350/46.4072 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Ilam, Ilam County |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> | elevation_m = 1427 | area_code = 0843 | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|Csa]] | website = {{URL|http://www.e-ilam.ir/}} | footnotes = | name = }} '''Ilam''' ({{lang-fa|ايلام}}; {{audio|fa-Ilam.ogg|ایلام|help=no}}){{efn|Also [[Romanize]]d as '''Elām''' and '''Īlām'''; and ({{lang-ku|ئیلام‎}}), Romanized as '''Îlam'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3067203}}</ref>}} is a [[Kurds|Kurdish]] city in the [[Central District (Ilam County)|Central District]] of [[Ilam County]], [[Ilam province|Ilam]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.<ref name="Ilam Structure">{{cite web |title = Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Ilam province, centered in the city of Ilam |language = fa |website = Lamtakam |url = https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113044 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240208001844/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113044 |publisher = Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council |last = Habibi |first = Hassan |archive-date = 8 February 2024 |date = 21 June 1369 |access-date = 8 February 2024}}</ref> The [[Kabir Kuh]] [[mountain range]] lies east of the city. To the west, it borders [[Iraq]]. == Demographics == At the 2006 National Census, Ilam's population was 155,289 in 34,549 households.<ref name="2006 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) | page = 16 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/16.xls | access-date = 25 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094337/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/16.xls | format = Excel | archive-date = 20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 172,213 people in 42,613 households.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) | page = 16 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = Syracuse University | url = https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Ilam.xls | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230117202401/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Ilam.xls |archive-date = 17 January 2023 | access-date = 19 December 2022 | format = Excel}}</ref> The latest census in 2016 showed the population had risen to 194,030 people in 53,581 households.<ref name="2016 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) | page = 16 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_16.xlsx | access-date = 19 December 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201101180736/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_16.xlsx | format = Excel | archive-date = 1 November 2020}}</ref> Language composition:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Language distribution: Ilam Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.ilam#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiI5MTIyOTFmNDM3Yjg4NzkxNThkOTQ2ZTNhNjQwOTkyZCIsInMiOjE2Mjk3Mjc3MDcwNTZ9|access-date=23 August 2021|website=Iran Atlas}}</ref>{{bar box|title=Ilam linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|[[Southern Kurdish]]|yellow|83}} {{bar percent|[[New Persian]]|orange|10}} {{bar percent|[[Luri language|Luri]]|navy|2}} {{bar percent|[[Laki language|Laki]]|green|2}} {{bar percent|[[Arabic]]|darkred|2}} {{bar percent|Shuhani|gray|1}}}} ==Architecture== Like many other regions of Iran the architecture in Ilam includes traditional and contemporary periods. Although easy access to fossil fuels and electricity may have aided the transition in Iranian architecture in other regions of Iran from its traditional to modern styles, in Ilam the increasing population has also played a role. The Governor Castle, Falahaty Mansion and The Mirgholam Castle are examples of some surviving traditional buildings in Ilam. The courtyard dwelling is the main type of the buildings of this period. This type of building was accepted as the main building type over all Iran for both climatic and cultural reasons. Brick is the main constructional material in these buildings. The ''passive thermal techniques'' indicated for the Iranian traditional buildings are commonly used in these buildings. The Governor Castle of Ilam was built in type of courtyard. Adding shade and moisture by using green landscape, high trees and a pond, were the main passive techniques used in this building to reduce the temperature in summer. The Mirgholam Castle of Ilam presents a classic Iranian courtyard. The garden and the pound were the main elements of this type of buildings. The Falahaty Mansion used a pitched roof as it was regular beside the flat roofs in the traditional buildings in Ilam earlier.<ref>J Khodakarami. ''Achieving Thermal Comfort in Iranian Hospitals''. Cardiff University, PhD Thesis, 2008</ref> ==Climate== Ilam is situated in the cold mountainous region of Iran at a height of {{convert|1319|m|ft|-1}} above mean sea level. It is located in the west of Iran at a latitude of 33° 38´ north and longitude of 46° 26´ east. Although this city is surrounded by mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts from the west and the south. This region presents a highly variable annual weather profile. Heavy showers or snow in the winter and dusty, brutally hot, dry weather in the summer are normal for this region.<ref>[[J Khodakarami]] and I Knight. ''Required and Current Thermal Conditions for Occupants in Iranian Hospitals''. HVAC&R Research, Vol. 14, Number 2, March 2008, pp 175-194</ref> Monthly rainfalls have been as high as {{convert|352.1|mm|in|2}} in March 1974, whilst daily rainfalls have reached {{convert|86|mm|in|2|disp=or}} on 26 February 1991. Temperatures have ranged from a high of {{convert|47.0|C|F|disp=or}} on 20 August 1975 to a low of {{convert|&minus;15.0|C|F|disp=or}} on 5 February 1974. Ilam's climate is classed under the [[Köppen climate classification]] as a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa'') with continental influences. {{Weather box |width = auto |location = Ilam (normals 1991-2020, extremes 1967-2020) |metric first = yes |single line = yes | precipitation colour = green | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan record high C = 23.1 |Feb record high C = 21.0 |Mar record high C = 28.2 |Apr record high C = 32.2 |May record high C = 41.6 |Jun record high C = 40.9 |Jul record high C = 43.0 |Aug record high C = 47.0 |Sep record high C = 40.0 |Oct record high C = 35.2 |Nov record high C = 32.0 |Dec record high C = 27.5 |year record high C = | Jan high C =9.6 | Feb high C =11.2 | Mar high C =15.3 | Apr high C =20.7 | May high C =27.2 | Jun high C =33.4 | Jul high C =36.5 | Aug high C =36.5 | Sep high C =32.3 | Oct high C =25.6 | Nov high C =17.0 | Dec high C =12.3 | Jan mean C =4.3 | Feb mean C =5.7 | Mar mean C =9.7 | Apr mean C =14.9 | May mean C =21.0 | Jun mean C =26.8 | Jul mean C =29.9 | Aug mean C =29.6 | Sep mean C =25.2 | Oct mean C =19.0 | Nov mean C =11.0 | Dec mean C =6.6 | Jan low C =-0.7 | Feb low C =0.3 | Mar low C =3.6 | Apr low C =8.1 | May low C =12.9 | Jun low C =17.6 | Jul low C =20.6 | Aug low C =20.5 | Sep low C =16.5 | Oct low C =11.8 | Nov low C =5.2 | Dec low C =1.4 |Jan record low C = -14.0 |Feb record low C = -15.0 |Mar record low C = -11.0 |Apr record low C = -4.5 |May record low C = 2.0 |Jun record low C = 7.0 |Jul record low C = 8.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 7.5 |Oct record low C = 1.8 |Nov record low C = -7.4 |Dec record low C = -12.0 |year record low C = | Jan precipitation mm =106.3 | Feb precipitation mm =87.1 | Mar precipitation mm =89.4 | Apr precipitation mm =63.6 | May precipitation mm =19.0 | Jun precipitation mm =0.1 | Jul precipitation mm =1.0 | Aug precipitation mm =1.0 | Sep precipitation mm =1.4 | Oct precipitation mm =28.3 | Nov precipitation mm =77.4 | Dec precipitation mm =76.0 | Jan precipitation days =8.9 | Feb precipitation days =8 | Mar precipitation days =7.5 | Apr precipitation days =6.9 | May precipitation days =2.9 | Jun precipitation days =0.1 | Jul precipitation days =0.2 | Aug precipitation days =0.2 | Sep precipitation days =0.3 | Oct precipitation days =3.2 | Nov precipitation days =5.6 | Dec precipitation days =7.1 | Jan humidity =66 | Feb humidity =62 | Mar humidity =54 | Apr humidity =48 | May humidity =34 | Jun humidity =21 | Jul humidity =19 | Aug humidity =19 | Sep humidity =22 | Oct humidity =34 | Nov humidity =54 | Dec humidity =61 | Jan dew point C =-2.3 | Feb dew point C =-2.0 | Mar dew point C =-0.5 | Apr dew point C =2.5 | May dew point C =2.7 | Jun dew point C =1.4 | Jul dew point C =2.9 | Aug dew point C =2.6 | Sep dew point C =0.5 | Oct dew point C =1.0 | Nov dew point C =0.8 | Dec dew point C =-1.4 | Jan sun =177 | Feb sun =180 | Mar sun =219 | Apr sun =236 | May sun =288 | Jun sun =351 | Jul sun =354 | Aug sun =347 | Sep sun =313 | Oct sun =256 | Nov sun =204 | Dec sun =180 |source 1 = [[NCEI|NOAA NCEI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Ilam_40780.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Ilam |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA}}</ref> |source 2 = Iranian Meteorological Organisation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irimo.ir/english/statistics/climanormals/ilam/ILAM.txt |title=FORM 1: STATION ILAM |access-date=2011-11-18 |publisher=Iranian Meteorological Organization |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508054914/http://www.irimo.ir/english/statistics/climanormals/ilam/ILAM.txt |archive-date=8 May 2012 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box |width = auto |collapsed = yes |location = Ilam (1967 to 2005) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 23.1 |Feb record high C = 21.0 |Mar record high C = 25.0 |Apr record high C = 30.2 |May record high C = 37.5 |Jun record high C = 40.0 |Jul record high C = 43.0 |Aug record high C = 47.0 |Sep record high C = 40.0 |Oct record high C = 35.2 |Nov record high C = 32.0 |Dec record high C = 27.5 |year record high C = 47.0 |Jan high C = 9.0 |Feb high C = 10.2 |Mar high C = 14.0 |Apr high C = 19.8 |May high C = 26.3 |Jun high C = 32.4 |Jul high C = 35.8 |Aug high C = 35.3 |Sep high C = 31.6 |Oct high C = 24.9 |Nov high C = 17.1 |Dec high C = 11.7 |year high C = 22.4 |Jan mean C = 4.4 |Feb mean C = 5.4 |Mar mean C = 8.8 |Apr mean C = 14.2 |May mean C = 20.1 |Jun mean C = 25.2 |Jul mean C = 28.5 |Aug mean C = 28.1 |Sep mean C = 24.4 |Oct mean C = 18.6 |Nov mean C = 11.6 |Dec mean C = 6.8 |Jan low C = &minus;0.3 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 3.7 |Apr low C = 8.6 |May low C = 13.8 |Jun low C = 18.1 |Jul low C = 21.2 |Aug low C = 20.8 |Sep low C = 17.3 |Oct low C = 12.3 |Nov low C = 6.3 |Dec low C = 1.9 |year low C = 10.4 |Jan record low C = &minus;14.0 |Feb record low C = &minus;15.0 |Mar record low C = &minus;11.0 |Apr record low C = &minus;3.0 |May record low C = 3.0 |Jun record low C = 7.0 |Jul record low C = 8.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 7.5 |Oct record low C = 1.9 |Nov record low C = &minus;6.2 |Dec record low C = &minus;12.0 |year record low C = &minus;15.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 117.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 103.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 123.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 70.1 |May precipitation mm = 26.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 1.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 26.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 80.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 94.8 |Jan humidity = 66 |Feb humidity = 62 |Mar humidity = 57 |Apr humidity = 49 |May humidity = 38 |Jun humidity = 27 |Jul humidity = 25 |Aug humidity = 25 |Sep humidity = 26 |Oct humidity = 38 |Nov humidity = 51 |Dec humidity = 61 |year humidity = 44 |Jan precipitation days = 9 |Feb precipitation days = 8 |Mar precipitation days = 10 |Apr precipitation days = 7 |May precipitation days = 4 |Jun precipitation days = 0 |Jul precipitation days = 0 |Aug precipitation days = 0 |Sep precipitation days = 0 |Oct precipitation days = 3 |Nov precipitation days = 6 |Dec precipitation days = 8 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |source 1 = Iranian Meteorological Organisation (archived)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irimo.ir/english/statistics/climanormals/ilam/ILAM.txt |title=FORM 1: STATION ILAM |access-date=2011-11-18 |publisher=Iranian Meteorological Organization |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508054914/http://www.irimo.ir/english/statistics/climanormals/ilam/ILAM.txt |archive-date=8 May 2012 }}</ref> |date=November 2011 }} ==Colleges and universities== Ilam contains the following universities: * [[Ilam University of Medical Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ilam University of Medical Sciences |url=https://www.medilam.ac.ir/ |website=Medilam |publisher=Ilam University of Medical Sciences |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816095942/https://www.medilam.ac.ir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ilam University|University of Ilam]]<ref name="Ilamuniversity"/> * Islamic Azad University of Ilam<ref name=Ilamuniversity>{{cite web |title=Ilam University |url=https://www.ilam.ac.ir/ |publisher=Ilam University |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> * Safir Danesh * [[Farhangian University]], ''Shahid Modares Campus of Ilam (Men)'' and ''Imam Jafar -e- Sadiqh Campus of Ilam (Women)'' ==See also== *[[Eyvan]] {{Commons category|Ilam, Iran|Ilam}} {{Portal|Iran}} {{clear}} == Notes == {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * Farshid Sāmāni, ''Ilam, the Sleeping Beauty'', in Persian, Jadid Online, 26 May 2009: [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/26052009/frnk/ilam].<br />• ''Discovering Ilam'', in English, Jadid Online, 22 October 2009, [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/22102009/frnk/ilam].<br />• Photo gallery, containing 25 photographs with informative captions in English: [http://www.jadidonline.com/slideshow/1240/1]. {{Authority control}} {{Ilam Province|state=collapsed}} {{Ilam County|state=collapsed}} {{Provincial capitals of Iran}} [[Category:Populated places in Ilam County]] [[Category:Cities in Ilam Province]] [[Category:Iranian provincial capitals]] [[Category:Kurdish settlements in Ilam Province]]'