Portal:1960s

The 1960s Portal Stonewall Inn, site of the 1969 Stonewall riots "The Sixties", as they are known in both scholarship and popular culture, is a term used by historians, journalists, and other objective academics; in some cases nostalgically to describe the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, formalities and schooling. Conservatives denounce the decade as one of irresponsible excess and flamboyance, and decay of social order. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time. The 1960s became synonymous with the new, radical, and subversive events and trends of the period. In Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. Some commentators have seen in this era a classical Jungian nightmare cycle, where a rigid culture, unable to contain the demands for greater individual freedom, broke free of the social constraints of the previous age through extreme deviation from the norm. Christopher Booker charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. However, this alone does not explain the mass nature of the phenomenon. Several nations such as the U.S., France, Germany and Britain turned to the left in the early and mid 1960s. In the United States, John F. Kennedy, a Keynesian and staunch anti-communist, pushed for social reforms. His assassination in 1963 was a stunning shock. Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled by the New Left at home and abroad. The heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors across the globe, as they found peasant rebellion typified by Ho Chi Minh and Che Guevara more appealing. Italy formed its first left-of-center government in March 1962 with a coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, and moderate Republicans. Socialists joined the ruling block in December 1963. In Britain, the Labour Party gained power in 1964. In Brazil, João Goulart became president after Jânio Quadros resigned. Featured article - This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.. The Santiago Bernabéu (pictured in 2009) held the final. The 1964 European Nations' Cup Final was a football match at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid, on 21 June 1964, to determine the winner of the 1964 European Nations' Cup. It was the second final of what is now called the UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA's quadrennial football competition for national teams. The match was contested by Spain and the previous tournament winners, the Soviet Union. En route to the final, Spain defeated Romania, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland over two-legged ties before beating Hungary in the semi-final. The Soviet Union received a bye in the qualifying round before beating Italy, Sweden and Denmark en route to the final. The referee for the final, played in front of an attendance of 79,115 spectators, was Arthur Holland from England. In the sixth minute, Marcelino dispossessed Valentin Ivanov and crossed for Chus Pereda, who scored to give Spain a 1–0 lead. Two minutes later, Viktor Anichkin passed to Galimzyan Khusainov, who equalised. With six minutes of the match remaining, Pereda beat Anichkin and played in a cross which Viktor Shustikov failed to clear, before Marcelino headed the winning goal inside the near post. Spain won the match 2–1 to win their first European Championship title. (Full article...) List of Featured articles Apollo 11 Stonewall riots The Beatles Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Highway 61 Revisited Daisy (advertisement) 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash December 1964 South Vietnamese coup 1968 Illinois earthquake 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing 1964 Brinks Hotel bombing 1966 New York City smog 1969 Curaçao uprising September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt Coinage Act of 1965 Tropical Storm Brenda (1960) History of Aston Villa F.C. (1961–present) 1962 Tour de France Voting Rights Act of 1965 Aftermath (Rolling Stones album) Good article - This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. Location of Burundi in Central Africa An attempted coup d'etat in Burundi took place between 18–19 October 1965, when a group of ethnic Hutu officers from the Burundian military and gendarmerie attempted to overthrow Burundi's government. The rebels were frustrated with Burundi's monarch, Mwami Mwambutsa IV, who had repeatedly attempted to cement his control over the government and bypassed parliamentary norms despite Hutu electoral gains. Although the prime minister was shot and wounded, the coup failed due to the intervention of a contingent of troops led by Captain Michel Micombero. The attempted coup d'état provoked a backlash against Hutus in which thousands of people, including the participants in the coup, were killed. The coup also facilitated a militant Tutsi backlash against the monarchy resulting in two further coups which culminated in the abolition of the monarchy in November 1966 and the proclamation of a republic with Micombero as President of Burundi. (Full article...) List of Good articles History of the Soviet Union (1964–82) Psycho (1960 film) Psychedelic rock The Rolling Stones Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Led Zeppelin Black Sabbath Murder of John Lennon Abbey Road 2001: A Space Odyssey (film) The Who The Hustler (film) Goldfinger (film) Dr. No (film) The Wild Bunch Tommy (The Who album) 1961 San Diego Chargers season Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65 American Airlines Flight 1 (1962) 1964 Gabonese coup d'état Elvis (1968 TV program) 1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion 1968–1969 Japanese university protests 1963 Syrian coup d'état 1966 Syrian coup d'état The Secret Service The Judy Garland Show Joe 90 Madhouse on Castle Street Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines 1964 Zagreb flood 1960 Atlantic hurricane season Hurricane Debbie (1969) February 1969 nor'easter 1966 NASA T-38 crash Selected picture - U-2 spy plane photo of nuclear missile sites in Cuba, November 1962 Photo taken by a Lockheed U-2 spy plane of the San Cristobal MRBM launch site in Cuba, November 1962, after the Cuban Missile Crisis. Although this image was taken days after the crisis had ended (October 28), this image has become iconic of the crisis to the point where it is often cited incorrectly as having been taken during the crisis. Did you know - ... that Jacqueline Kennedy wore her pink Chanel suit (pictured) at the inauguration of President Lyndon B. Johnson, even though it was stained with her husband's blood? ... that the black Givenchy dress worn by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 film Breakfast at Tiffany's has been called "perhaps the most famous little black dress of all time"? ... that Bo Schembechler praised Pete Newell for traveling to Iowa with the 1969 Michigan football team rather than to a large antiwar rally "with the damn hippies where he really wanted to be"? Related portals Featured biography - This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.. Dylan in 2010 Bob Dylan (legally Robert Dylan; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter. Often considered to be one of the greatest songwriters in history, Dylan has been a major figure in popular culture over his 60-year career. He rose to prominence in the 1960s, when songs such as "The Times They Are a-Changin'" (1964) became anthems for the civil rights and antiwar movements. Initially modeling his style on Woody Guthrie's folk songs, Robert Johnson's blues, and what he called the "architectural forms" of Hank Williams's country songs, Dylan added increasingly sophisticated lyrical techniques to the folk music of the early 1960s, infusing it "with the intellectualism of classic literature and poetry". His lyrics incorporated political, social, and philosophical influences, defying pop music conventions and appealing to the burgeoning counterculture. Dylan was born and raised in St. Louis County, Minnesota. Following his self-titled debut album of traditional folk songs in 1962, he made his breakthrough with The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963). The album featured "Blowin' in the Wind" and "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" which adapted the tunes and phrasing of older folk songs. He released the politically charged The Times They Are a-Changin' and the more lyrically abstract and introspective Another Side of Bob Dylan in 1964. In 1965 and 1966, Dylan drew controversy among folk purists when he adopted electrically amplified rock instrumentation, and in the space of 15 months recorded three of the most influential rock albums of the 1960s: Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61 Revisited (both 1965) and Blonde on Blonde (1966). When Dylan made his move from acoustic folk and blues music to rock, the mix became more complex. His six-minute single "Like a Rolling Stone" (1965) expanded commercial and creative boundaries in popular music. (Full article...) List of Featured biographies John Lennon Richard Nixon Neil Armstrong Malcolm X Jimi Hendrix Frank Zappa Alan Shepard John Glenn Walt Disney George Harrison Paul McCartney Ringo Starr Hey Jude Peter Sellers Selected biography - This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. Castro c. 1959 Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (/ˈkæstroʊ/ KASS-troh, Latin American Spanish: [fiˈðel aleˈxandɾo ˈkastɾo ˈrus]; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1965 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. Born in Birán, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban president Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro travelled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Raúl Castro and Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic embargo, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis—a defining incident of the Cold War—in 1962. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Alfred Hitchcock Suharto Pelé Keith Richards Mick Jagger Leonid Brezhnev Ravi Shankar Stanley Kubrick Keith Moon Félix Houphouët-Boigny Selected article - The 1963 March on Washington participants and leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country. The movement had its origins in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century and had its modern roots in the 1940s, although the movement made its largest legislative gains in the 1960s after years of direct actions and grassroots protests. The social movement's major nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience campaigns eventually secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans. After the American Civil War and the subsequent abolition of slavery in the 1860s, the Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution granted emancipation and constitutional rights of citizenship to all African Americans, most of whom had recently been enslaved. For a short period of time, African-American men voted and held political office, but as time went on Blacks were increasingly deprived of civil rights, often under the racist Jim Crow laws, and African Americans were subjected to discrimination and sustained violence by white supremacists in the South. Over the following century, various efforts were made by African Americans to secure their legal and civil rights, such as the civil rights movement (1865–1896) and the civil rights movement (1896–1954). The movement was characterized by nonviolent mass protests and civil disobedience following highly publicized events such as the lynching of Emmett Till. These included boycotts such as the Montgomery bus boycott, "sit-ins" in Greensboro and Nashville, a series of protests during the Birmingham campaign, and a march from Selma to Montgomery. (Full article...) List of selected articles Daisy (advertisement) Lyndon B. Johnson Muhammad Ali Vince Lombardi Janis Joplin Jim Morrison The Doors Grateful Dead Big Brother and the Holding Company Jefferson Airplane Summer of Love Woodstock March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom Civil Rights Act of 1964 Cuban Missile Crisis Joan Baez The Allman Brothers Band Brian Jones Bill Wyman Charlie Watts Ian Stewart (musician) Ronnie Wood Counterculture of the 1960s Folk rock Raga rock Tet Offensive Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Barry Miles Northeast blackout of 1965 John F. Kennedy 1963 South Vietnamese coup Kwame Nkrumah Bay of Pigs Invasion Ken Kesey International Society for Krishna Consciousness Star Trek: The Original Series Deep Purple The Troubles Sharpeville massacre Vietnam War Gay liberation Assassination of John F. Kennedy Manson Family British Invasion Space Race Cultural Revolution Berlin Wall Mexican Movement of 1968 Monterey Pop Festival Selma to Montgomery marches 1964 Brazilian coup d'état 1964 Alaska earthquake The Late Late Show (Irish talk show) Yellow Submarine (film) Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Second-wave feminism Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War Jerry Garcia Death of Marilyn Monroe Eric Clapton Timothy Leary The Graduate The Pink Panther Dr. Strangelove The Feminine Mystique National Organization for Women The Population Bomb Sean Connery The Girl from Ipanema 1960s in fashion 1960s in music Black is beautiful 1960s in jazz 1960 United States presidential election Hubert Humphrey Barry Goldwater 1964 United States presidential election 1968 United States presidential election 1960 Winter Olympics 1960 Summer Olympics 1964 Winter Olympics 1964 Summer Olympics 1968 Winter Olympics 1968 Summer Olympics More Did you know (auto generated) ... that Suzie Zuzek's impactful 1960s and 1970s textile designs for Lilly Pulitzer dresses were recovered from under floorboards? ... that in the 1960s one could have tea and toast served to your changing room at the Carlisle Turkish baths in England? ... that during the 1960s and 1970s, American artist Robert Bauer painted figures that were a mixture of 20th-century avant-garde funk and 17th-century Dutch realism? ... that the City and Guilds of London Institute developed the City & Guilds Computer virtual machine as part of their 1960s teaching materials? ... that in the 1960s Kléber Dupuy campaigned to rehabilitate the reputation of Philippe Pétain, against whose Vichy regime he had fought as a member of the French Resistance? ... that conductor Rudolf Pohl, a member of the Aachen Cathedral choir as a boy, brought the Charlemagne-era choir to international recognition in the 1960s? Topics Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1960s by city 1960s by continent 1960s by country 1960s-related lists Months in the 1960s 1960s beginnings 1960s endings 1960s decade overviews 1960s in LGBT history 1960s architecture 1960s in the arts 1960s awards 1960s censuses 1960s competitions 1960s in computing 1960s conferences Counterculture of the 1960s 1960s disasters 1960s in economic history 1960s in education 1960s in the environment 1960s events 1960s fads and trends 1960s fashion 1960s festivals Fiction set in the 1960s 1960s in film 1960s in health 1960s hoaxes 1960s in law 1960s in mass media 1960s in military history 1960s missing person cases 1960s in philosophy 1960s in politics Psychedelia 1960s in religion 1960s in science 1960s in sports 1960s in technology 1960s toys 1960s in transport 1960s in women's history 1960s works 1960s in professional wrestling WikiProjects You are invited to participate in WikiProject History, a group of editors dedicated to developing and improving articles about History. If interested, add your name to our list of members Associated Wikimedia The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject: Commons Free media repository Wikibooks Free textbooks and manuals Wikidata Free knowledge base Wikinews Free-content news Wikiquote Collection of quotations Wikisource Free-content library Wikiversity Free learning tools Wiktionary Dictionary and thesaurus Discover Wikipedia using portals List of all portals The arts portal Biography portal Current events portal Geography portal History portal Mathematics portal Science portal Society portal Technology portal Random portal WikiProject Portals