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{{For|the Greek pottery style|Kalpis (pottery)}}
{{For|the Greek pottery style|Kalpis (pottery)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{COI|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox product
{{Infobox product
| title = Calpis
| title = Calpis
| image = Calpis_karupisu.JPG
| image = Calpis_karupisu.JPG
| image_size =
| image_size = 250
| alt = Bottles of Calpis Water in Japan
| alt = Bottle of Calpis Water
| caption = Bottles of Calpis Water in Japan
| caption = A bottle of Calpis Water
| type = [[Concentrate]]
| type = [[Concentrate]]
| inventor = Kaiun Mishima
| inventor = Kaiun Mishima
| inception = {{start date|7 July 1919}}
| inception = {{start date|7 July 1919}}
| manufacturer = Calpis Co., Ltd.
| manufacturer = Calpis Co., Ltd.
⚫
| website = {{url|calpis.net}}
| current supplier = Calpis Co., Ltd.
⚫
| website = {{url|calpis.net}}
}}
}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
Line 23: Line 23:
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Soft drink]]s
| industry = [[Soft drink]]s
⚫
| founded = {{start date and age|1916|04}}
| fate =
| founder = Kaiun Mishima
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
⚫
| founded = {{start date and age|1919}}
| founder = <!-- or: | founders = -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location_city = [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]]
| hq_location_city = [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]]
| hq_location_country = [[Japan]]
| hq_location_country = [[Japan]]
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people =
| products =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->
| parent = [[Asahi Breweries]]
| parent = [[Asahi Breweries]]
| website = {{URL|calpis.net}}
| website = {{URL|calpis.net}}
}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Calpis'''|カルピス|Karupisu}} is a Japanese uncarbonated [[soft drink]], manufactured by {{nihongo|'''Calpis Co., Ltd.'''|カルピス株式会社|Karupisu Kabushiki-gaisha}}, a subsidiary of [[Asahi Breweries]] headquartered in [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]].<ref>"[http://www.calpis.net/corporate/outline/com_info/index.html Company Outline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205031901/http://www.calpis.net/corporate/outline/com_info/index.html |date=2010-02-05 }}." Calpis Co., Ltd. Retrieved on 12 February 2010.</ref>


The beverage has a light, somewhat [[milk]]y, and slightly [[acid]]ic [[Flavouring|flavour]], similar to plain or vanilla flavoured [[yogurt]] or [[Yakult]]. Its ingredients include [[water]], [[nonfat]] [[powdered milk|dry milk]] and [[lactic acid]], and is produced by [[lactic acid fermentation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Asahi Soft Drinks Brand page|url=https://www.asahisoftdrinks.com/brand/calpis/|publisher=Asahi Soft Drinks Co., LTD.|access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
{{nihongo|'''Calpis'''|カルピス|Karupisu}}, also sold as '''Calpico''', is a Japanese non-carbonated [[soft drink]] manufactured by {{nihongo|'''Calpis Co., Ltd.'''|カルピス株式会社|Karupisu Kabushiki-gaisha}}, a subsidiary of [[Asahi Breweries]] headquartered in [[Shibuya]], [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calpis.net/corporate/outline/com_info/index.html |title=Company Outline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205031901/http://www.calpis.net/corporate/outline/com_info/index.html |archive-date=2010-02-05 |work=Calpis Co., Ltd. |access-date=12 February 2010}}</ref> The beverage has a light, somewhat [[milk]]y, and slightly [[acid]]ic flavour, similar to plain or [[vanilla]]-flavoured [[yogurt]] or [[Yakult]]. Its ingredients include [[water]], [[powdered milk|dry milk]], and [[lactic acid]], and it is produced by [[lactic acid fermentation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Asahi Soft Drinks Brand page |url=https://www.asahisoftdrinks.com/brand/calpis/ |publisher=Asahi Soft Drinks Co., LTD. |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>


The drink is sold as a concentrate which is mixed with water or sometimes milk just before consumption. A pre-diluted version known as {{nihongo|'''Calpis Water'''|カルピスウォーター|Karupisu Wōtā}}, or its carbonated variety, known as {{nihongo|'''Calpis Soda'''|カルピスソーダ|Karupisu Sōda}}, are also available. It is also used to flavour ''[[kakigōri]]'' (shaved ice) and as a mixer for cocktails and ''[[chūhai]]''.
The drink is sold as a [[concentrate]], which is mixed with water or sometimes milk just before consumption. A pre-diluted version known as {{nihongo|'''Calpis Water'''|カルピスウォーター|Karupisu Wōtā}}, or its carbonated variety, known as {{nihongo|'''Calpis Soda'''|カルピスソーダ|Karupisu Sōda}}, is also available. It is also used to flavour [[kakigōri]] and as a mixer for [[cocktail]]s and [[chūhai]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}


==Name==
==History==
⚫
[[File:KaiunMishima.jpg|thumb|324x324px|Kaiun Mishima, the original creator of Calpis]]
⚫
Mishima's first two attempts, Daigomi and Daigoso, were named after the word {{nihongo|醍醐|だいご|Daigo}}. Inspiration was taken from the Sanskrit word ''[[sarpir-maṇḍa]]'' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|सर्पिर्मण्ड}}), which is regarded as the greatest of all flavours in Buddhism. He wanted to do the same for Calpis and initially named it ''Calpir'', constructing a [[portmanteau]] by combining ''cal'' from ''[[calcium]]'' and ''pir'' from ''sarpir-maṇḍa''. However, after consulting musician {{nihongo|[[Kōsaku Yamada]]|山田 耕筰|{{noitalic|Yamada Kōsaku}}}} and Buddhist priest {{nihongo|Kaigyoku Watanabe|渡辺海旭|{{noitalic|Watanabe Kaigyoku}}}}, Mishima chose ''pis'' from ''sarpiṣ'' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|सर्पिस्}}) instead.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=https://www.asahiinryo.co.jp/entertainment/history/calpis/history01.html|title=「カルピス」の歴史 |publisher=ASAHI SOFT DRINKS CO., LTD. |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
⚫
The founder of Calpis, {{Interlanguage link|Kaiun Mishima|lt=|ja|三島海雲}}, travelled to [[Inner Mongolia]] in 1902, encountering a traditional cultured milk product known as [[kumis|airag]] (called kumis throughout most of Central Asia). The active ingredient in airag, responsible for its unique flavour, is lactic acid produced by lactobacilli bacteria. After the airag he consumed helped return his digestion to normal, Mishima was inspired to develop his own version.


⚫
Daigomi, launched in 1916, was made by culturing cream with lactic acid bacteria. However, it was discontinued because of two major flaws: the amount of cream extracted from milk was inadequate for mass production, and there was a surplus of [[skimmed milk]] created as a [[by-product]]. Afterwards, Mishima created Daigoso by culturing skimmed milk with lactic acid bacteria. However, the product was also discontinued because of poor sales. His last unsuccessful attempt was Lacto Caramel, a product that contained live lactic acid bacteria. It was discontinued because the product melted during the summer.<ref name="Story">{{cite web |title=COMZINE Article |url=https://www.nttcom.co.jp/comzine/no002/long_seller/index.html |access-date=9 December 2022 |publisher=NTT COMWARE CORPORATION}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asahigroup-holdings.com/en/brand/calpis/|title=Asahi Group Brand page |publisher=ASAHI GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
Primarily in North America, the name ''Calpis'' is changed to '''''Calpico''''' with カルピス in katakana either below or on the reverse side of the packaging—this alteration to the name ensures that any unintended associations with the English [[slang]] word for [[urine]] ("piss") are avoided.


⚫
Calpis was created by chance when Mishima added sugar to Daigoso and left it overnight. It was officially released on July 7, 1919, at the price of [[Japanese yen|¥]]1.60 per bottle.<ref name="Story" /> Diluting Calpis with water proved to be economical, quickly garnering popularity with customers, along with the catchphrase "the taste of first love".<ref name="News">{{cite web |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2252809023|date=7 July 2019 |title=Beloved Japanese Lactic Drink Calpis Turns 100. |publisher=Jiji Press English News Service |access-date=9 December 2022|id={{ProQuest|2252809023}} }}</ref> Calpis initially had the image of being a special drink, being reserved for special occasions or gifts; it was only around 1965 that it began to be treated as a normal beverage in ordinary households.<ref name="Story" />
==Packaging==
[[File:Calpis 1923.jpg|thumb|220x124px|left]]
⚫
The [[polka dot]] packaging used to be white dots against a blue background until the colours were inverted in 1953. The design was intended to represent the [[Milky Way]], in reference to the Japanese festival, ''[[Tanabata]]'' on 7 July, a tradition seen as the start of the summer.<ref name="History"/>


Orange-flavoured Calpis was released in 1958, with pineapple- and grape-flavoured versions following two years later. A carbonated version called Calpis Soda was also released in 1974.<ref name="History">{{cite web |title=「カルピス」の歴史 |url=https://www.asahiinryo.co.jp/entertainment/history/calpis/history01.html |access-date=9 December 2022 |publisher=ASAHI SOFT DRINKS CO., LTD. |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208061944/https://www.asahiinryo.co.jp/entertainment/history/calpis/history01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1973, sales plummeted after the price was raised.<ref name="News" /> Within the first year of its initial release in 1991, 20.5 million cases of pre-diluted Calpis Water had been sold. It was also around this time that the company moved towards the use of [[Juicebox (container)|paper]] containers and [[Plastic bottle|plastic bottles]].<ref name="History" />
⚫
In 1919, Calpis held an international poster exhibition in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The contest was held to provide aid to struggling European painters due to the inflation caused by World War I.<ref name="Story">{{cite web |url=https://www.nttcom.co.jp/comzine/no002/long_seller/index.html|title=COMZINE Article |publisher=NTT COMWARE CORPORATION |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref> After German painter Otto Dünkelsbühler won 3rd place, Calpis began using a logo a new logo in 1923. It featured an illustration of a black man with large lips and a [[Panama hat]] drinking from a glass using a straw. As the logo came to be [[Racism in Japan|considered offensive]], the black/white was first reversed, and then the logo was subsequently dropped altogether on January 1990. The complaint was initially filed by 12-year-old Futoshi Arita, a member of [[The Association to Stop Racism Against Blacks]] ({{lang-ja|'''黒人差別をなくす会'''}}). <ref>{{cite web|title=カルピスで黒人のキャラクターのマークはなぜ差別になったの？排除された不可解な理由|url=https://everyday-life365.com/calpis-2|website=everyday-life365.com|access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>


=== Name ===
⚫
The first two iterations of what would become Calpis, ''Daigomi'' and ''Daigoso'', were named after {{nihongo|2=醍醐|3=[[wikt:醍醐|daigo]]}}, the Japanese word for [[sarpir-maṇḍa]], regarded as the greatest of all flavours in [[Buddhism]]. Mishima wanted to do the same for Calpis and initially named it ''Calpir'', a [[portmanteau]] of ''cal'' from [[calcium]] and ''pir'' from sarpir-maṇḍa. However, after consulting musician [[Kōsaku Yamada]] and Buddhist priest Kaigyoku Watanabe, Mishima chose ''pis'' from the [[Sanskrit]] ''sarpiṣ'' instead.<ref name="History" />


Primarily in North America, the name Calpico is used in place of Calpis to avoid associations with "[[wikt:piss#Noun|piss]]", an English [[slang]] word for [[urine]] (though the "カルピス" in [[katakana]] remains on the packaging).
====Examples====
<gallery widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:Calpis 1922 packaging.jpg|thumb|1922 packaging
File:Calpis 1932.jpg|thumb|Red packaging released in 1932
File:Calpis 1943.jpg|thumb|Vita Calpis in 1943
File:Calpis 1953.jpg|thumb|New colour scheme released in 1953
File:Calpis 1964.jpg|thumb|1964 packaging
</gallery>
<gallery widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:Calpis 1979.jpg|thumb|1979 packaging
File:Calpis 1989.jpg|thumb|1989 packaging
File:Calpis 1995.jpg|thumb|1995 packaging
File:Calpis 2009.jpg|thumb|2009 packaging
File:Calpis 2012.jpg|thumb|Packaging redesigned in 2012
</gallery>


==History==
==Packaging==
[[File:Still Life with Calpis Wrapping Paper by Nakamura Tsune (MOMA Ibaraki).jpg|thumb|right|upright|''Still life with Calpis wrapping paper'' (1923), by [[Nakamura Tsune]]; launched on the day of the [[Tanabata|Star Festival]] in 1919, the white dots on a blue ground represent stars in the Milky Way<ref name="Story"/>]]
[[File:Still Life with Calpis Wrapping Paper by Nakamura Tsune (MOMA Ibaraki).jpg|thumb|upright|''Still life with Calpis wrapping paper'' (1923), by [[Nakamura Tsune]]; launched on the day of the [[Tanabata|Star Festival]] in 1919, the white dots on a blue background represent stars in the Milky Way<ref name="Story" />|left]]
⚫
The [[polka dot]] packaging used to consist of white dots against a blue background until the colours were inverted in 1953. The design was intended to represent the [[Milky Way]], in reference to the Japanese [[Tanabata]] festival.<ref name="History" />
⚫
[[File:KaiunMishima.jpg|KaiunMishima|thumb|upright|300x300px|left|Kaiun Mishima, the original creator of Calpis]]
⚫
The founder of Calpis, Kaiun Mishima, travelled to the [[Mongols|Mongolian]] region of northern China ([[Inner Mongolia]]) in 1902, encountering a traditional cultured milk product known as [[kumis|airag]] (called kumis throughout most of Central Asia). The active ingredient in airag, responsible for its unique flavour, is lactic acid produced by lactobacilli bacteria. Mishima was inspired to develop his own version after the airag helped return his digestion to normal.


⚫
In 1919, Calpis held an international poster exhibition in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The contest was held to provide aid to struggling European painters due to [[inflation]] caused by World War I.<ref name="Story" /> After German painter Otto Dünkelsbühler won 3rd place, Calpis began using a new logo in 1923 based on his design. It featured an illustration of a [[Black people|black]] man with large lips and a [[Panama hat]] drinking from a glass using a straw. As the logo came to be [[Racism in Japan|considered offensive]], the black and white were first reversed, and then the logo was subsequently dropped altogether in January 1990. The complaint was initially filed by 12-year-old Futoshi Arita, a member of [[The Association to Stop Racism Against Blacks]].<ref>{{cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=カルピスで黒人のキャラクターのマークはなぜ差別になったの？排除された不可解な理由 |url=https://everyday-life365.com/calpis-2 |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=everyday-life365.com}}</ref>
⚫
His first attempt was Daigomi, launched in 1916. It was made by culturing cream with lactic acid bacteria. However, Daigomi was discontinued because of two major flaws: the amount of cream extracted from milk was inadequate for mass production, and there was a surplus of skim milk created as a by-product. Afterwards, Mishima created Daigoso by culturing skimmed milk with lactic acid bacteria. However, the product was also discontinued because of poor sales. His last unsuccessful attempt was Lacto Caramel, a product that contained live lactic acid bacteria. It was discontinued because the product melted during the summer.<ref name="Story"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asahigroup-holdings.com/en/brand/calpis/|title=Asahi Group Brand page |publisher=ASAHI GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>

⚫
Mishima went back to further developing Daigoso and created Calpis by chance. One day, he decided to add sugar to Daigoso and left it overnight. After being satisfied with the taste, Calpis was officially released on July 7, 1919, at the price of ¥1.60 per bottle.<ref name="Story"/> Diluting Calpis with water proved to be economical, quickly garnering popularity with the people, along with the catchphrase "the taste of first love".<ref name="News">{{cite web |url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/beloved-japanese-lactic-drink-calpis-turns-100/docview/2252809023/se-2|date=7 July 2019 |title=Beloved Japanese Lactic Drink Calpis Turns 100. |publisher=Jiji Press English News Service |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
For some time, Calpis had the image of being a special drink. Until the 1950s, it was often served to guests on special occasions or used as a gift.
It was only around 1965 that it began to be treated as a normal beverage in ordinary households.<ref name="Story"/>

Apart from the original flavour, orange-flavoured Calpis was released in 1958. Two years later, pineapple-flavoured and grape-flavoured Calpis were released. A carbonated version called Calpis Soda was also released in 1974.<ref name="History"/>

In 1973, sales plummeted after the price was raised.<ref name="News"/> However, the prediluted version released in 1991 became a huge success. Within the first year of its release, 20.5 million cases of Calpis Water had been sold. It was also around this time that the company moved towards the use of paper and plastic containers.<ref name="History"/>

In 2009, marketers aimed to change the image of Calpis once more. They billed it as a healthy beverage in an attempt to shy away from the idea that Calpis was only for children. Following that change, Calpis shipments in the last 10 years have grown by 1.5 times the previous amount.<ref name="News"/>

====Other products====
<gallery widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:Orange Calpis 1958.jpg|thumb|Orange Calpis concentrate
File:Calpis Soda.jpg|thumb|The original Calpis Soda
File:Calpis Water Packaging.jpg|thumb|The original Calpis Water
File:Calpis Water 2000.jpg|thumb|PET bottle packaging
File:Calpis Water 2011.jpg|thumb|Revamped packaging in 2011
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo|Companies|Food}}
{{Portal|Companies|Drink}}
*[[Actimel]]
*[[Actimel]]
*[[Asahi Breweries|Asahi]] – wholly owning parent company of Calpis
*[[Fermented milk products]]
*[[Fermented milk products]]
*[[List of fermented foods]]
*[[List of fermented foods]]
Line 110: Line 64:
*[[Pocari Sweat]]
*[[Pocari Sweat]]
*[[Wahaha Joint Venture Company|Wahaha]]
*[[Wahaha Joint Venture Company|Wahaha]]
*[[Yakult]]


==References==
==References==
Line 123: Line 76:
{{Japanese food and drink}}
{{Japanese food and drink}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
⚫
[[Category:Asahi brands]]

[[Category:Asahi Breweries]]
[[Category:Japanese drink brands]]
[[Category:Soft drinks]]
[[Category:Drink companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Drink companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Fermented drinks]]
[[Category:Fermented drinks]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:Japanese drinks]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies based in Tokyo]]
⚫
[[Category:Soft drinks]]
[[Category:Companies based in Tokyo]]

Revision as of 18:14, 12 May 2024

For the Greek pottery style, see Kalpis (pottery).

Calpis
TypeConcentrate
InventorKaiun Mishima
Inception7 July 1919 (7 July 1919)
ManufacturerCalpis Co., Ltd.
Websitecalpis.net
Calpis Co., Ltd.
Native name
カルピス株式会社
Karupisu Kabushiki-gaisha
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustrySoft drinks
FoundedApril 1916; 108 years ago (1916-04)
FounderKaiun Mishima
Headquarters
Shibuya, Tokyo
,
Japan
ParentAsahi Breweries
Websitecalpis.net

Calpis (カルピス, Karupisu), also sold as Calpico, is a Japanese non-carbonated soft drink manufactured by Calpis Co., Ltd. (カルピス株式会社, Karupisu Kabushiki-gaisha), a subsidiary of Asahi Breweries headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo.[1] The beverage has a light, somewhat milky, and slightly acidic flavour, similar to plain or vanilla-flavoured yogurt or Yakult. Its ingredients include water, dry milk, and lactic acid, and it is produced by lactic acid fermentation.[2]

The drink is sold as a concentrate, which is mixed with water or sometimes milk just before consumption. A pre-diluted version known as Calpis Water (カルピスウォーター, Karupisu Wōtā), or its carbonated variety, known as Calpis Soda (カルピスソーダ, Karupisu Sōda), is also available. It is also used to flavour kakigōri and as a mixer for cocktails and chūhai.[citation needed]

History

Kaiun Mishima, the original creator of Calpis

The founder of Calpis, Kaiun Mishima [ja], travelled to Inner Mongolia in 1902, encountering a traditional cultured milk product known as airag (called kumis throughout most of Central Asia). The active ingredient in airag, responsible for its unique flavour, is lactic acid produced by lactobacilli bacteria. After the airag he consumed helped return his digestion to normal, Mishima was inspired to develop his own version.

Daigomi, launched in 1916, was made by culturing cream with lactic acid bacteria. However, it was discontinued because of two major flaws: the amount of cream extracted from milk was inadequate for mass production, and there was a surplus of skimmed milk created as a by-product. Afterwards, Mishima created Daigoso by culturing skimmed milk with lactic acid bacteria. However, the product was also discontinued because of poor sales. His last unsuccessful attempt was Lacto Caramel, a product that contained live lactic acid bacteria. It was discontinued because the product melted during the summer.[3][4]

Calpis was created by chance when Mishima added sugar to Daigoso and left it overnight. It was officially released on July 7, 1919, at the price of ¥1.60 per bottle.[3] Diluting Calpis with water proved to be economical, quickly garnering popularity with customers, along with the catchphrase "the taste of first love".[5] Calpis initially had the image of being a special drink, being reserved for special occasions or gifts; it was only around 1965 that it began to be treated as a normal beverage in ordinary households.[3]

Orange-flavoured Calpis was released in 1958, with pineapple- and grape-flavoured versions following two years later. A carbonated version called Calpis Soda was also released in 1974.[6] In 1973, sales plummeted after the price was raised.[5] Within the first year of its initial release in 1991, 20.5 million cases of pre-diluted Calpis Water had been sold. It was also around this time that the company moved towards the use of paper containers and plastic bottles.[6]

Name

The first two iterations of what would become Calpis, Daigomi and Daigoso, were named after daigo (醍醐), the Japanese word for sarpir-maṇḍa, regarded as the greatest of all flavours in Buddhism. Mishima wanted to do the same for Calpis and initially named it Calpir, a portmanteau of cal from calcium and pir from sarpir-maṇḍa. However, after consulting musician Kōsaku Yamada and Buddhist priest Kaigyoku Watanabe, Mishima chose pis from the Sanskrit sarpiṣ instead.[6]

Primarily in North America, the name Calpico is used in place of Calpis to avoid associations with "piss", an English slang word for urine (though the "カルピス" in katakana remains on the packaging).

Packaging

Still life with Calpis wrapping paper (1923), by Nakamura Tsune; launched on the day of the Star Festival in 1919, the white dots on a blue background represent stars in the Milky Way[3]

The polka dot packaging used to consist of white dots against a blue background until the colours were inverted in 1953. The design was intended to represent the Milky Way, in reference to the Japanese Tanabata festival.[6]

In 1919, Calpis held an international poster exhibition in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The contest was held to provide aid to struggling European painters due to inflation caused by World War I.[3] After German painter Otto Dünkelsbühler won 3rd place, Calpis began using a new logo in 1923 based on his design. It featured an illustration of a black man with large lips and a Panama hat drinking from a glass using a straw. As the logo came to be considered offensive, the black and white were first reversed, and then the logo was subsequently dropped altogether in January 1990. The complaint was initially filed by 12-year-old Futoshi Arita, a member of The Association to Stop Racism Against Blacks.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Company Outline". Calpis Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
  2. ^ "Asahi Soft Drinks Brand page". Asahi Soft Drinks Co., LTD. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e "COMZINE Article". NTT COMWARE CORPORATION. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  4. ^ "Asahi Group Brand page". ASAHI GROUP HOLDINGS, LTD. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Beloved Japanese Lactic Drink Calpis Turns 100". Jiji Press English News Service. 7 July 2019. ProQuest 2252809023. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d "「カルピス」の歴史". ASAHI SOFT DRINKS CO., LTD. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  7. ^ "カルピスで黒人のキャラクターのマークはなぜ差別になったの？排除された不可解な理由". everyday-life365.com. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2022.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calpis.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calpis&oldid=1223521930"