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{{Italic title}}
{{Short description|Angel-like beings from Japanese Buddhism}}
{{Short description|Angel-like beings from Japanese Buddhism}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2011}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2011}}
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{{Nihongo|'''''Tennin'''''|[[wiktionary:天人|天人]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Person"}}, which may include {{Nihongo|'''''Tenshi'''''|[[wiktionary:天使|天使]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Messenger"}}, {{Nihongo|'''''Ten no-Tsukai'''''|[[wiktionary:天の使い|天の使い]]||lit. "Messenger(s) of Heaven"}}, {{Nihongo|'''''Hiten'''''|[[wiktionary:飛天|飛天]]||lit. "Flying Heaven"}} and the specifically female version, the {{Nihongo|'''''Tennyo'''''|[[wiktionary:天女|天女]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Woman/Women"}}, are a divine kind of spiritual beings found in [[Buddhism in Japan|Japanese Buddhism]], the equivalent of [[angel]]s. They were seemingly imported from [[Chinese Buddhism]], which was itself influenced by the concepts of heavenly beings found in [[History of Buddhism in India|Indian Buddhism]] and Chinese [[Taoism]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
{{Nihongo|'''''Tennin'''''|[[wiktionary:天人|天人]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Person"}}, which may include {{Nihongo|'''''Tenshi'''''|[[wiktionary:天使|天使]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Messenger"}}, {{Nihongo|'''''Ten no-Tsukai'''''|[[wiktionary:天の使い|天の使い]]||lit. "Messenger(s) of Heaven"}}, {{Nihongo|'''''Hiten'''''|[[wiktionary:飛天|飛天]]||lit. "Flying Heaven"}} and the specifically female version, the {{Nihongo|'''''Tennyo'''''|[[wiktionary:天女|天女]]||lit. "Heaven(ly) Woman/Women"}}, are a divine kind of spiritual beings found in [[Buddhism in Japan|Japanese Buddhism]], the equivalent of [[angel]]s. They were seemingly imported from [[Chinese Buddhism]], which was itself influenced by the concepts of heavenly beings found in [[History of Buddhism in India|Indian Buddhism]] and Chinese [[Taoism]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}


They originated in [[Hinduism in Japan|Hinduism]] as "[[Apsara]]" (Sanskrit: अप्सरा, romanized: apsaras or apsarā); a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture. They are originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, who later plays the role of a "nymph" or "fairy". They figure prominently in the sculpture, dance, literature and painting of many Indian and Southeast Asian cultures.
They originated in [[Hinduism in Japan|Hinduism]] as "[[Apsara]]" (Sanskrit: अप्सरा, romanized: apsaras or apsarā); a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture. They are originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, who later plays the role of a "nymph" or "fairy". They figure prominently in the sculpture, dance, literature and painting of many Indian and Southeast Asian cultures. In Japan, ''Apsara'' are known as Tenshi "(天使)　
Tenshi Tennin" (天人); "Tennyo" (天女) for "female Tennin" and "Tennan" (天男) for "male Tennin".


==History==
==History==
''Tennin'' are mentioned in Buddhist [[sutra]]s,{{fact|date=January 2012}} and these descriptions form the basis for depictions of the beings in [[Japanese art]], [[Japanese sculpture|sculpture]], and [[Japanese theater|theater]]. They are usually pictured as unnaturally beautiful women dressed in ornate, colourful [[kimono]] (traditionally in five colours), exquisite [[jewelry]], and stole-like, feathered, flowing scarves--called both ''Tenne'' (纏衣, lit. a "Wrapping Raiment" or "Heavenly Raiment") and ''Hagoromo'' (羽衣, lit. 'Feather[ed] Raiment')--that wrap loosely around their bodies (a parallel to the Christian [[Halo (religious iconography)|Halo]]). They usually carry [[Sacred lotus|lotus]] blossoms as a symbol of [[bodhi|enlightenment]] or play musical instruments such as the [[biwa]], or [[flute]].<ref name = "c">[http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karyoubinga.html#tennin Tennin] at [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/buddhism.shtml GODS of Japan, A-to-Z Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism (Buddhist & Shinto Deities)]</ref><ref>Hearn, Lafcadio, [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8glm110.txt ''Glimpses of an Unfamiliar Japan''] at [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8130 Project Gutenberg] online book catalog</ref>
''Tennin'' are mentioned in Buddhist [[sutra]]s,{{fact|date=January 2012}} and these descriptions form the basis for depictions of the beings in [[Japanese art]], [[Japanese sculpture|sculpture]], and [[Japanese theater|theater]]. They are usually pictured as unnaturally beautiful women dressed in ornate, colourful [[kimono]] (traditionally in five colours), exquisite [[jewelry]], and stole-like, feathered, flowing scarves--called both ''Chányī''/''Tenne'' (纏衣, lit. a "Wrapping Raiment" or "Heavenly Raiment") and ''Yǔyī''/''Hagoromo'' (羽衣, lit. 'Feather[ed] Raiment')--that wrap loosely around their bodies (a parallel to the Christian [[Halo (religious iconography)|Halo]]), as-well-as ''Gokō'' (後光, let. 'back[ground] light' or '[[aureole]]'; an actual halo)--the ''[[Nezha#Iconography|Húntiānlíng''/''Adaitenayao]]'' (浑天绫/渾天綾, lit. "[[Armillary]] Sash"), worn by [[Nezha]], from Chinese mythology, is also a kind of ''Chányī'' / ''Yǔyī''. They usually carry [[Sacred lotus|lotus]] blossoms as a symbol of [[bodhi|enlightenment]] or play musical instruments such as the [[biwa]], or [[flute]].<ref name = "c">[http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karyoubinga.html#tennin Tennin] at [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/buddhism.shtml GODS of Japan, A-to-Z Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism (Buddhist & Shinto Deities)]</ref><ref>Hearn, Lafcadio, [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8glm110.txt ''Glimpses of an Unfamiliar Japan''] at [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8130 Project Gutenberg] online book catalog</ref>


==Religion==
==Religion==
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* [[Swan maiden]]
* [[Swan maiden]]
* [[Valkyries]]
* [[Valkyries]]
* [[Feather cloak]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:48, 31 March 2024

A depiction of a Tennin.

Tennin (天人, lit. "Heaven(ly) Person"), which may include Tenshi (天使, lit. "Heaven(ly) Messenger"), Ten no-Tsukai (天の使い, lit. "Messenger(s) of Heaven"), Hiten (飛天, lit. "Flying Heaven") and the specifically female version, the Tennyo (天女, lit. "Heaven(ly) Woman/Women"), are a divine kind of spiritual beings found in Japanese Buddhism, the equivalent of angels. They were seemingly imported from Chinese Buddhism, which was itself influenced by the concepts of heavenly beings found in Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism.[citation needed]

They originated in Hinduism as "Apsara" (Sanskrit: अप्सरा, romanized: apsaras or apsarā); a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture. They are originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, who later plays the role of a "nymph" or "fairy". They figure prominently in the sculpture, dance, literature and painting of many Indian and Southeast Asian cultures. In Japan, Apsara are known as Tenshi "(天使)　 Tenshi Tennin" (天人); "Tennyo" (天女) for "female Tennin" and "Tennan" (天男) for "male Tennin".

History[edit]

Tennin are mentioned in Buddhist sutras,[citation needed] and these descriptions form the basis for depictions of the beings in Japanese art, sculpture, and theater. They are usually pictured as unnaturally beautiful women dressed in ornate, colourful kimono (traditionally in five colours), exquisite jewelry, and stole-like, feathered, flowing scarves--called both Chányī/Tenne (纏衣, lit. a "Wrapping Raiment" or "Heavenly Raiment") and Yǔyī/Hagoromo (羽衣, lit. 'Feather[ed] Raiment')--that wrap loosely around their bodies (a parallel to the Christian Halo), as-well-as Gokō (後光, let. 'back[ground] light' or 'aureole'; an actual halo)--the Húntiānlíng/Adaitenayao (浑天绫/渾天綾, lit. "Armillary Sash"), worn by Nezha, from Chinese mythology, is also a kind of Chányī / Yǔyī. They usually carry lotus blossoms as a symbol of enlightenment or play musical instruments such as the biwa, or flute.[1][2]

Religion[edit]

Tennin are believed to live in the Buddhist heaven as the companions to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Some legends[citation needed] also make certain tennin solitary creatures living on mountain peaks. Pilgrims sometimes climb these mountains in order to meet the holy spirits.

Powers[edit]

Tennin can fly, a fact generally indicated in art by their coloured or feathered kimono, called both Tenne (纏衣, lit. a "Wrapping Raiment" or "Heavenly Raiment") and Hagoromo (羽衣, lit. 'Feather[ed] Raiment').[citation needed] In some legends, tennin are unable to fly without these kimono (and thus cannot return to heaven).[3] More rarely, they are shown with feathered wings.[1] In a Noh play Hagoromo, which bears a number of similarities to the Western swan maiden legends,[4] tennyo come to the earth and take off their hagoromo. A fisherman spies them and hides their clothes in order to force one to marry him. After some years he tells his wife what he did, and she finds her clothes and returns to heaven.[3] The legend says it occurred on the beach of Miho no Matsubara, now a part of the city of Shizuoka.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tennin at GODS of Japan, A-to-Z Photo Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism (Buddhist & Shinto Deities)
  2. ^ Hearn, Lafcadio, Glimpses of an Unfamiliar Japan at Project Gutenberg online book catalog
  3. ^ a b Waley, Arthur (1921), The Noh Plays of Japan, Chapter V, p. 177, "A Note on Hagoromo"
  4. ^ The Legend of Connor O'Quin and the Swan Maiden at Folklore of the Burren

External links[edit]

  • The dictionary definition of tennin at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of tennyo at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of tenshi at Wiktionary
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