Onikuma: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Mythological Japanese creature}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=November 2019}} |
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[[image:ShunsenOniguma.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A depiction of an ''onikuma'' by [[Shunsensai Takehara]] in the ''[[Ehon Hyaku Monogatari]]'']] |
[[image:ShunsenOniguma.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A depiction of an ''onikuma'' by [[Shunsensai Takehara]] in the ''[[Ehon Hyaku Monogatari]]'']] |
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An '''onikuma''' (鬼熊, literally "demon bear") is a mythological Japanese [[yōkai]] originating in the [[Kiso Valley]] in [[Nagano Prefecture]]. It is a bear-like creature that has been known to walk upright. They sneak into villages at night to carry off livestock for food. It was described in the [[Ehon Hyaku Monogatari]], a collection of supernatural tales published in 1841. |
An '''onikuma''' (鬼熊, literally "demon bear") is a mythological Japanese [[yōkai]] originating in the [[Kiso Valley]] in [[Nagano Prefecture]]. It is a [[bear]]-like creature that has been known to walk upright. They sneak into villages at night to carry off livestock for food. It was described in the [[Ehon Hyaku Monogatari]], a collection of supernatural tales published in 1841.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davisson |first1=Zack |title=Oniukuma - Demon Bear |url=https://hyakumonogatari.com/2013/05/28/onikuma-demon-bear/ |website=百物語怪談会 Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai |access-date=15 April 2020 |date=28 May 2013}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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When a bear has lived for many years, it becomes an ''onikuma''. |
When a bear has lived for many years, it becomes an ''onikuma''. With enough strength to be able to move boulders as large as two meters in diameter, it is said to be able to kill a small animal simply by pushing it. It comes down from the mountains to steal [[horse]]s and [[cattle]], which it brings back to the mountain to eat.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nagata |editor1-first=Mikako |title=Zukaidaijiten Nihon no Yōkai 図解大事典 日本の妖怪 |date=25 December 2015 |publisher=SHINSEI Publishing Co., Ltd. |page=43 |edition=1st |language=ja}}</ref> |
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Some large stones in the Kiso Valley are called "''Onikuma'' stones." Given their size and placement, they are attributed to ''onikuma''. Local tradition states that ''onikuma'' throw these stones, larger than ten people together could move, at humans from the mountains above.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coslett |first1=Matthew |title=Demoinc travel destinations for Halloween in Japan |url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/demonic-travel-destinations-for-halloween-in-japan |website=Japan Today |publisher=GPlusMedia Inc. |access-date=15 April 2020 |date=29 October 2018}}</ref> |
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''Onikuma'' are extremely strong. It is said that, in the mountains, they will throw stones nine or 10 feet in diameter down into the valley at humans they see below. These stones, which 10 people together couldn't move, are called “''Onikuma'' stones,” a name that is still used today in the Kiso Valley. |
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The method to kill an ''onikuma'' was to hollow out a large tree into a tube like a [[Water well|well]] lining and use it to block up the mouth of the nest of vines, then plunge poles through the hollow trunk into the nest. When the disoriented ''onikuma'' made its way to the opening, it would be attacked with spears and guns. It is said that in the [[Kyōhō]] era, when several ''onikuma'' were killed, each skin when spread out covered an area of six [[tatami]] mats (about 10 square meters) or more. |
The method to kill an ''onikuma'' was to hollow out a large tree into a tube like a [[Water well|well]] lining and use it to block up the mouth of the nest of vines, then plunge poles through the hollow trunk into the nest. When the disoriented ''onikuma'' made its way to the opening, it would be attacked with spears and guns. It is said that in the [[Kyōhō]] era, when several ''onikuma'' were killed, each skin when spread out covered an area of six [[tatami]] mats (about 10 square meters) or more.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meyer |first1=Matthew |title=Onikuma |url=http://yokai.com/onikuma/ |website=Yokai.com |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> |
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Additionally, in [[Hokkaido]], bears that attacked humans were feared as ''onikuma''. |
Additionally, in [[Hokkaido]], bears that attacked humans were feared as ''onikuma''. |
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==In popular culture== |
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===Television=== |
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An Onikuma appeared in the ''[[Monster High (TV series)|Monster High]]'' episode "The Monstering". While its ability to throw rocks remains intact, the Onikuma can be subdued by tickling it. |
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===Film=== |
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''Onikuma'' (2016) is a hybrid live action/stop motion animation [[short film]] directed by Alessia Cecchet that premiered at the 34th [[Torino Film Festival]], Italy in November 2016.<ref>[http://www.torinofilmfest.org/film/27497/onikuma.html ONIKUMA], Torino Film Festival. Retrieved on 13 August 2017.</ref> |
''Onikuma'' (2016) is a hybrid live action/stop motion animation [[short film]] directed by Alessia Cecchet that premiered at the 34th [[Torino Film Festival]], Italy in November 2016.<ref>[http://www.torinofilmfest.org/film/27497/onikuma.html ONIKUMA], Torino Film Festival. Retrieved on 13 August 2017.</ref> |
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===Video games=== |
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An onikuma showed up in the book Shadow of the Fox by Julie Kagawa |
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In [[Pokémon Scarlet and Violet: The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero|Pokemon Scarlet and Violet: The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero]], [[Ursaluna]] is a dual-type Ground/Normal Pokémon, the evolved form of Ursaring and the final form of Teddiursa, particularly it's Bloodmoon Form in Kitakami is based on the Onikuma.<ref>https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Ursaluna_(Pok%C3%A9mon)#Origin</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 13:48, 26 February 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2019) |
An onikuma (鬼熊, literally "demon bear") is a mythological Japanese yōkai originating in the Kiso Valley in Nagano Prefecture. It is a bear-like creature that has been known to walk upright. They sneak into villages at night to carry off livestock for food. It was described in the Ehon Hyaku Monogatari, a collection of supernatural tales published in 1841.[1]
Description[edit]
When a bear has lived for many years, it becomes an onikuma. With enough strength to be able to move boulders as large as two meters in diameter, it is said to be able to kill a small animal simply by pushing it. It comes down from the mountains to steal horses and cattle, which it brings back to the mountain to eat.[2]
Some large stones in the Kiso Valley are called "Onikuma stones." Given their size and placement, they are attributed to onikuma. Local tradition states that onikuma throw these stones, larger than ten people together could move, at humans from the mountains above.[3]
The method to kill an onikuma was to hollow out a large tree into a tube like a well lining and use it to block up the mouth of the nest of vines, then plunge poles through the hollow trunk into the nest. When the disoriented onikuma made its way to the opening, it would be attacked with spears and guns. It is said that in the Kyōhō era, when several onikuma were killed, each skin when spread out covered an area of six tatami mats (about 10 square meters) or more.[4]
Additionally, in Hokkaido, bears that attacked humans were feared as onikuma.
In popular culture[edit]
Television[edit]
An Onikuma appeared in the Monster High episode "The Monstering". While its ability to throw rocks remains intact, the Onikuma can be subdued by tickling it.
Film[edit]
Onikuma (2016) is a hybrid live action/stop motion animation short film directed by Alessia Cecchet that premiered at the 34th Torino Film Festival, Italy in November 2016.[5]
Video games[edit]
In Pokemon Scarlet and Violet: The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero, Ursaluna is a dual-type Ground/Normal Pokémon, the evolved form of Ursaring and the final form of Teddiursa, particularly it's Bloodmoon Form in Kitakami is based on the Onikuma.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ Davisson, Zack (28 May 2013). "Oniukuma - Demon Bear". 百物語怪談会 Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ^ Nagata, Mikako, ed. (25 December 2015). Zukaidaijiten Nihon no Yōkai 図解大事典 日本の妖怪 (in Japanese) (1st ed.). SHINSEI Publishing Co., Ltd. p. 43.
- ^ Coslett, Matthew (29 October 2018). "Demoinc travel destinations for Halloween in Japan". Japan Today. GPlusMedia Inc. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ^ Meyer, Matthew. "Onikuma". Yokai.com. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ^ ONIKUMA, Torino Film Festival. Retrieved on 13 August 2017.
- ^ https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Ursaluna_(Pok%C3%A9mon)#Origin
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