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In the second part of the campaign (1597-1598), he held command in The Army of the Right.{{sfn|Turnbull|2002|p=240}} In this campaign, Nagamasa participated in the first [[Siege of Ulsan|defense of Ulsan]], where he led reinforcement for [[Katō Kiyomasa]] with 600 mens.<ref name="日本戦史 朝鮮役 （本編・附記）">{{cite book |author1=参謀本部 編 |title=日本戦史 朝鮮役 （本編・附記） |date=1925 |publisher=偕行社 |page=204 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/936355/1/204 |access-date=5 May 2024 |language=ja}}</ref>
In the second part of the campaign (1597-1598), he held command in The Army of the Right.{{sfn|Turnbull|2002|p=240}} In this campaign, Nagamasa participated in the first [[Siege of Ulsan|defense of Ulsan]], where he led reinforcement for [[Katō Kiyomasa]] with 600 mens.<ref name="日本戦史 朝鮮役 （本編・附記）">{{cite book |author1=参謀本部 編 |title=日本戦史 朝鮮役 （本編・附記） |date=1925 |publisher=偕行社 |page=204 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/936355/1/204 |access-date=5 May 2024 |language=ja}}</ref>


In 1598 after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan have an accident when seven military generals consisted of [[Fukushima Masanori]], [[Katō Kiyomasa]], [[Ikeda Terumasa]], [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]], [[Asano Yoshinaga (Lord of Hiroshima)|Asano Yoshinaga]], [[Katō Yoshiaki]], and Nagamasa himself plotted a conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in [[Osaka Castle]], and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to [[Satake Yoshinobu]]'s mansion [[Shima Sakon]] and others to hide.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno">{{Cite journal |author =Mizuno Goki |title = 前田利家の死と石田三成襲撃事件 |trans-title=Death of Toshiie Maeda and attack on Mitsunari Ishida |date = 2013 |journal = 政治経済史学 |issue = 557号 }}</ref>
In 1598 after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan have an accident when seven military generals consisted of [[Fukushima Masanori]], [[Katō Kiyomasa]], [[Ikeda Terumasa]], [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]], [[Asano Yoshinaga (Lord of Hiroshima)|Asano Yoshinaga]], [[Katō Yoshiaki]], and Nagamasa himself plotted a conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in [[Osaka Castle]], and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to [[Satake Yoshinobu]]'s mansion [[Shima Sakon]] and others to hide.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno">{{Cite journal |author =Mizuno Goki |title = 前田利家の死と石田三成襲撃事件 |trans-title=Death of Toshiie Maeda and attack on Mitsunari Ishida |date = 2013 |journal = 政治経済史学 |issue = 557号 |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520290885037880832 |language=Ja}}</ref> When the seven generals found out that Mitsunari was not in the mansion, they searched the mansions of various feudal lords in Osaka Castle, and Kato's army also approached the Satake residence. Therefore, Mitsunari and his party escaped from the Satake residence and barricaded themselves at [[Fushimi Castle]].<ref name="kasaya2000">{{Cite journal |author = Kasaya Kazuhiko|title = 豊臣七将の石田三成襲撃事件―歴史認識形成のメカニズムとその陥穽― |trans-title=Seven Toyotomi Generals' Attack on Ishida Mitsunari - Mechanism of formation of historical perception and its downfall |date = 2000 |journal = 日本研究 |issue = 22集 |language=Ja}}</ref>


Historians viewed this incident were not just simply personal problems between those seven generals against Mitsunari, as it was viewed as an extention of the political rivalries on greater scope between Tokugawa faction and anti-Tokugawa faction which led by Mitsunari.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno" /><ref>{{Citation|author=Mizuno Goki|chapter=石田三成襲撃事件の真相とは|trans-title=What is the truth behind the Ishida Mitsunari attack?|editorfirst=Watanabe|editorlast=Daimon |title=戦国史の俗説を覆す|publisher=柏書房|date=2016|language=Ja}}</ref>。
Historians viewed this incident were not just simply personal problems between those seven generals against Mitsunari, as it was viewed as an extention of the political rivalries on greater scope between Tokugawa faction and anti-Tokugawa faction which led by Mitsunari.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno" /><ref>{{Citation|author=Mizuno Goki|chapter=石田三成襲撃事件の真相とは|trans-title=What is the truth behind the Ishida Mitsunari attack?|editorfirst=Watanabe|editorlast=Daimon |title=戦国史の俗説を覆す|publisher=柏書房|date=2016|language=Ja}}</ref>。

Revision as of 06:37, 18 May 2024

In this Japanese name, the surname is Kuroda.
Kuroda Nagamasa
黒田長政
Head of Kuroda clan
In office
1604–1623
Preceded byKuroda Yoshitaka
Succeeded byKuroda Tadayuki [jp]
Daimyō of Fukuoka
In office
1601–1623
Succeeded byKuroda Tadayuki
Personal details
BornDecember 3, 1568
Himeji, Harima Province, Japan
DiedAugust 29, 1623(1623-08-29) (aged 54)
Spouse(s)Itohime (\Hachisuka Masakatsu's daughter) (original legal wife, later divorced)
Eihime/Dairyo-in (Hoshina Masanao's daughter, Tokugawa Ieyasu's adopted daughter) (second legal wife)
Parents
Military service
Allegiance Toyotomi clan
Eastern Army
Tokugawa shogunate
RankDaimyo
Unit Kuroda clan
Battles/warsBattle of Shizugatake (1583)
Korean campaign (1592-1598)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
Siege of Osaka (1614-1615)

Kuroda Nagamasa (黒田 長政, December 3, 1568 – August 29, 1623) was a daimyō during the late Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods.[1] He was the son of Kuroda Kanbei,[2] Toyotomi Hideyoshi's chief strategist and adviser.

Biography

His childhood name was Shojumaru (松寿丸). In 1577, when Nagamasa was a small child, his father was tried and sentenced as a spy by Oda Nobunaga. Nagamasa was kidnapped and nearly killed as a hostage. With the help of Yamauchi Kazutoyo and his wife, Yamauchi Chiyo and Takenaka Hanbei ended up rescuing him. After Nobunaga was killed in the Honnō-ji Incident in 1582, Nagamasa served Toyotomi Hideyoshi along with his father and participated in the invasion of Chūgoku.

In 1583 Nagamasa participated in the Battle of Shizugatake.[3]

Nagamasa also participated in Hideyoshi's Korean campaign,[2] where he commanded the army's 3rd Division of 5000 men during the first invasion (1592–1593).[4] In 15 July, following the Battle of Imjin River, Nagamasa led his forces west into Hwanghae Province, where he participated in the first Siege of Pyongyang.[5] After a sally from the Korean forces which inflicting heavy losses to the Japanese forces, Nagamasa launch counter attacks to push back the Korean into a river which protecting the city. Just as the Korean retreating by taking upstream way where the river was shallow enough to cross with foots, the Japanese forces following their trail, finding the way to reach the city without crossing the deep river. Before entering the city, Nagamasa and Konishi Yukinaga sent scouts. After confirming the city were abandoned by the defenders, Nagamasa and the japanese forces entered the city and secured food supplies from the warehouses.[6] In 16 October 1597, Nagamasa arrived at Jiksan, where he clashed against 6,000 Ming soldiers Battle of Jiksan. After dusk, the battle ended without clear result.[7] Later, Nagamasa launched another a night raid with pincer attack crane formation with intention to crush the enemies from each ends. However, this raid failed and turned into a rout that was joined by 2,000 Ming cavalry.[8] During this first Korean campaign, Nagamasa along with other Japanese generals mounted a genocidal operations which called Nadegiri in the region of Jeolla Province, where they systematically mutilate their victims bodies and collecting the noses of Koreans they killed.[9]

In the second part of the campaign (1597-1598), he held command in The Army of the Right.[4] In this campaign, Nagamasa participated in the first defense of Ulsan, where he led reinforcement for Katō Kiyomasa with 600 mens.[10]

In 1598 after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan have an accident when seven military generals consisted of Fukushima Masanori, Katō Kiyomasa, Ikeda Terumasa, Hosokawa Tadaoki, Asano Yoshinaga, Katō Yoshiaki, and Nagamasa himself plotted a conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in Osaka Castle, and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of Toyotomi Hideyori named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to Satake Yoshinobu's mansion Shima Sakon and others to hide.[11] When the seven generals found out that Mitsunari was not in the mansion, they searched the mansions of various feudal lords in Osaka Castle, and Kato's army also approached the Satake residence. Therefore, Mitsunari and his party escaped from the Satake residence and barricaded themselves at Fushimi Castle.[12]

Historians viewed this incident were not just simply personal problems between those seven generals against Mitsunari, as it was viewed as an extention of the political rivalries on greater scope between Tokugawa faction and anti-Tokugawa faction which led by Mitsunari.[11][13]。

Battle Of Sekigahara

Main article: Battle Of Sekigahara

Nagamasa was one of the daimyo who were on bad terms with Ishida Mitsunari, due to the latter supposedly not rewarding all those who took part in the Korean invasions for his own benefits.

Later in 1600, he took part in the Battle of Sekigahara on Tokugawa Ieyasu's side.[2] His men killed Shima Sakon, thus securing a part of the Eastern Army's eventual victory. As a reward for his performance at the battle, Ieyasu granted Nagamasa Chikuzen [2] – 520.000 koku – in exchange for his previous fief of Nakatsu in Buzen. Later in 1614-1615, he participated in the Osaka Castle campaigns.[2]

Kuroda Nagamasa Battle Standard

Family

  • Father: Kuroda Yoshitaka
  • Mother: Kushihashi Teru (1553–1627)
  • Wives:
    • Itohime (1571-1645)
    • Eihime (1585-1635)
  • Concubine: Choshu’in
  • Children:
    • Kikuhime married Inoue Yukifusa's son by Itohime
    • Kuroda Tadayuki (1602-1654) by Eihime
    • Tokuko married Sakakibara Tadatsugu by Eihime
    • Kameko married Ikeda Teruoki by Eihime
    • Kuroda Nagaoki (1610-1665) by Eihime
    • Kuroda Masafuyu by Choshu’in
    • Kuroda Takamasa (1612-1639) by Eihime

In popular culture

Nagamasa is a playable character from the Eastern Army in the original Kessen.

Kuroda is also a popular historical figure. His life, and his relationship to Tokugawa, has been dramatized many times in the annual NHK Taiga Drama series.

Preceded by
none
 Daimyō of Fukuoka
1601–1623 		Succeeded by
Kuroda Tadayuki

Notes

  1. ^ 福岡藩 (in Japanese). 1998. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Turnbull 2000, p. 53.
  3. ^ Louis Frédéric (2002). Japan encyclopedia. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 578. ISBN 9780674017535. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  4. ^ a b Turnbull 2002, p. 240.
  5. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 224-227.
  6. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 227.
  7. ^ Swope 2009, p. 248.
  8. ^ Hawley 2005, p. 467.
  9. ^ Kiernan, Ben; Madley, Benjamin; Blackhawk, Ned; Taylor, Rebe Taylor (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Genocide. Cambridge University Press. p. Nadegiri campaign. ISBN 9781108806596. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  10. ^ 参謀本部 編 (1925). 日本戦史 朝鮮役 （本編・附記） (in Japanese). 偕行社. p. 204. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  11. ^ a b Mizuno Goki (2013). "前田利家の死と石田三成襲撃事件" [Death of Toshiie Maeda and attack on Mitsunari Ishida]. 政治経済史学 (in Japanese) (557号).
  12. ^ Kasaya Kazuhiko (2000). "豊臣七将の石田三成襲撃事件―歴史認識形成のメカニズムとその陥穽―" [Seven Toyotomi Generals' Attack on Ishida Mitsunari - Mechanism of formation of historical perception and its downfall]. 日本研究 (in Japanese) (22集).
  13. ^ Mizuno Goki (2016), "石田三成襲撃事件の真相とは", 戦国史の俗説を覆す [What is the truth behind the Ishida Mitsunari attack?] (in Japanese), 柏書房 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |editorfirst= ignored (|editor-first= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |editorlast= ignored (|editor-last= suggested) (help)

References

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